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Gene Expression Profile of Early Prostate Cancer Cells

Abstract

Prostate cancer is a complicated disease. The five-year patient survival ranges from nearly 100% for local and regional stage cancers to 28% once the cancer becomes distantly invasive. This suggests that the lethal and non-lethal prostate cancers are likely separate diseases and may possess different early expression profiles. We compared the gene expression of early prostate cancer cells of varying Gleason scores using transcriptome analysis and confirmed the expression of certain overexpressed genes with Western blotting.

Of the approximately 40 differentially expressed genes found in our RNAseq study, 21 were singled out due to their pronounced (greater than 2.5-fold) over- or under- expression in other cancers. SERPINB2, PI3, SPRR2D, RRAD, S100P, SLPI, LCN2, EDN1, CLDN4, LAMP3, ANGPTL4, and COL1A2 were upregulated. SOX2, MELK, CENPF, TOP2A, CDC20, MCM3, DLGAP5, ANLN, and RRM2 were downregulated. The magnitude of gene up- or down-regulation, with the exception of COL1A2, were much lower in passaged PrCa.

Lipocalin-2 protein was highly expressed by PrCa 87 and NEp 21 with PrCa 87 expressing four times the amount of NEp 21. Sox-2 protein was expressed highest in PrCa 109. SerpinB2 was expressed the highest in PrCa 87, then PrCa 109, then PrCa 76 while NEp 21 and NEp 83 had negligible amounts of SerpinB2. These results, if repeated in large numbers of prostate cancer short-term cultures, may facilitate the prevention of overtreatment due to uncertainty about lethality of the patient's prostate cancer.

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