UCLA

This dissertation presents novel realizations in balancing the economical and environmental constraints in an energy intense world using: process network synthesis, energetic process enhancement concepts, carbon dioxide utilization and the deployment of renewable energy resources. Such balance is achieved through effective control and planning over resources and conditions. The mathematical optimization framework developed in this body of work can be found in chapters 1 and 2 while their applications are developed in chapters 3 and 4.

Chapter 1, introduce for the first time the Infinite Dimensional State-Space (IDEAS) based synthesis of reactor networks featuring multiple residence time distribution (MRTD) models in chapter 1. IDEAS is shown to be applicable to the MRTD synthesis problem containing a combination of Plug Flow reactor (PFR), Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR) and Segregated Laminar Flow Reactor (SLFR). The formulation which synthesis reactor networks featuring multiple residence time distribution (MRTD) guarantees global optimality through IDEAS based properties. Case studies featuring the Trambouze reaction scheme are carried out using the different reactor combinations and multiple selectivity and economical constraints.

Chapter 2, presents for the first time a design and synthesize framework for the minimum number of units reactor networks with multiple Residence time density functions of diffrent reactor types using the Infinite Dimensional State-Space (IDEAS) method. The works combines the usage of Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) and Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR) in constructing the reactor networks using an IDEAS based Mixed Integer Linear Programing (MILP) formulation. Case studies featuring the Trambouze reaction scheme are carried out based on multiple process specification. This work expands the real life application potential of the work presented in chapter 1.

In chapter 3, the newly developed concept of process energetics is applied to Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) to overcome the highly endothermic load challenge. The resulting process termed Energetically Enhanced Steam Methane Reforming (EESMR) is a non combustion process which means that the process related GHG emissions will receive favorable treatment in national carbon pricing programs.

Chapter 4 presents an energetically self-sufficient process with zero carbon dioxide emissions for the production of electricity and chemicals from natural gas. The choice of product can be made based on environmental and economical constraints explained within the chapter. Natural Gas Chemical Power System (NGCPS) provides flexibility of choice when it comes to producing electricity, formic acid and hydrogen. The work further covers the environmental impact of thermochemical cycles in power production.