UC Merced

Active matter is ubiquitous in nature, from the flocking of birds to the swarming of bacteria. Both living and non-living systems are out of equilibrium and exhibit rich dynamics that are of fundamental interest. This thesis focuses on the microtubule based active matter, a fascinating material class that has attracted significant attention in recent years. The first project, investigates the dynamics of microtubules propelled by diffusive motor proteins on lipid bilayers, providing insights into bidirectional lanes and nematic phase behavior. The second, third, and fourth projects explore dense microtubule-kinesin systems bundled together with motor protein clusters. In 2D, these systems exhibit self-organizing patterns and nematic-like behavior. In chapter four, I discussed different parameters can change the morphology of active nematics, such as oil viscosity and the fuel source or ATP. In chapter five, I discussed a robust experimental method to confine the active nematic laterally in different geometries. In chapter six, the material is confined in cardioid-shape geometry, and an efficient mixing pattern or golden braid pattern and more controlled dynamics have been shown. Overall, this dissertation advances our understanding of microtubule-based active matter systems, providing a framework for controlling and manipulating these materials for practical applications in the future for drug delivery systems and soft robotics.