http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/urcaj_2020/rss Recent eScholarship items from Volume 2 (2020) Fri, 15 May 2026 12:46:49 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9s3964nw Burmese is a language of South-East Asia featuring a contrast between voiced and voiceless nasals. Voicing is an articulatory phenomenon involving the vibration of vocal folds and is the mechanism behind contrastive sounds in English such as /p/-/b/ and /t/-/d/. This contrast pertains to nasals—a typically voiced category including English consonants such as /m/ and /n/—in Burmese. I conducted a production study examining acoustic properties associated with the voicing contrast in Burmese nasals. The results confirmed well attestedpatterns found in the literature and includes a novel finding regarding an interaction between three factors and its correlation with voicing. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9s3964nw Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Adisiswoyo, Ludwig https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vx9m795 In the seventeenth century, Massachusetts Bay Colony leaders often meted out bodily punishments with the intention of shaming offenders. Both the type of crime presented and the bodily punishments given reflected a deliberate strategy on the part of Puritan leaders. By examining the Colony’s court records between 1630–1675, this paper explores what a Puritan legal system looked like with respect to early bodily chastisements. Almost all the crimes that were punished through physical correction also had some sort of bodily violation. No matter how gruesome, the punishments represented the community’s efforts to return the offender to the body politic. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vx9m795 Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Medalla, Shekina https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8jq9p8sp Humans search for specific targets in complex scenes to navigate the world. This ability to search is integral to survival in many ways, from its most basic role in hunting and gathering to its more advanced application to the detection of medical conditions in the field of radiology. According to previous research, the ability to search efficiently in a visual task can be learned over time. Despite sufficient evidence, in this paper, we recognize numerous findings that support the presence of greater learning and confidence curves in 3D versus 2D image search. The study of such learning patterns is important to the field of medicine as we hope to train radiologists to be as efficient, accurate, and confident as possible. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8jq9p8sp Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Smith, Maren https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8h63v4rx This paper focuses on the lives of two of the most well-known female pirates, Anne Bonny and Mary Read. Within this paper I analyze different documents that relate plausible histories of these two women’s’ lives and differentiate between the accuracy of sources. I question modes of discussing these women and utilize a variety of secondary sources to examine primary sources and their impacts. This paper critiques standard discussions and histories of these two women, instead offering a more humanizing and historically accurate way of seeing them that exists outside of popular culture’s romanticism and mythologization of them. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8h63v4rx Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Randall, Vivian Walman https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7m35s00d In the last thirty years, mathematics standards have undergone frequent changes due to two conflicting perspectives: reformists and traditionalists. The purpose of this study is to assess any lasting impacts of the 1997 California Math Standards. I interviewed three faculty in three categories about diversity, curriculum, and stakeholder perspective. Presented here are findings and common themes that emerged from the analysis of interviews. Results showed that a lasting impact of the Math Wars was the 2010 Common Core Standards, written in a way to favor the reform movement of the 1990s. A professional development perspective as an approach is utilized. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7m35s00d Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Woods, Marissa https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hs3585w Dreams are the subjective experiences that occur during sleep, and their subject matter differs as a function of sleep stage or time of night. Dream content is reflective of the activity of brain structures concerned with information processing and memory consolidation [1]. Sigmund Freud, the founder of the psychoanalytic approach and author of The Interpretation of Dreams, described dreams as the “royal road to the unconscious.” He believed that the dreaming and the waking mind were continuous and that dreams were reflections of conflicts between unconscious desires and the conscious mind [2]. Freud proposed that the symbolic language of reported, or manifest dreams could be decoded to reveal the hidden latent dream—the result of a forbidden wish. His work inspired further research on the meaning and imagery contained within dreams that corroborated some of his views but not others, so that we now believe that dreams are the product of more than just unconscious desires [3].... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hs3585w Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Paris, Hannah https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7601445g Cultural mismatch theory predicts that a mismatch between the independent values of a higher education institution and the interdependent values of an underrepresented student may pose significant challenges for such students. This study examines the relationships between Greek membership, ethnic identity, perceptions of the university, persistence attitudes, and belonging. Latinx and multicultural-based fraternities and sororities are relatively small and may provide a sense of familismo for Latinx students, thus matching their culture and influencing factors of persistence. We expect that Latinx Greek members will show stronger positive relationships between ethnic identity, persistence, and belonging compared to non-Greek Latinx students. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7601445g Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Villa, Alyssa https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7442599f Oral contraceptives (OCs) are used by over 100 million women worldwide. They contain synthetic hormones which may alter brain structure and function; however, only a few small-scale neuroimaging studies have examined their effects on the brain thus far. Taking a big data approach, the Jacobs Lab at UCSB launched a database which pairs structural brain scans with reproductive health histories. Preliminary findings from the database found that, compared to never users, OC users had an increase of grey matter volume (GMV) in an area of the brain called the cerebellum (n=48). In this replication study, participants showed similar results (n=24). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7442599f Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Hayes, Margaret https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zr7h7fw The purpose of this research project is to assess the reliability of UN Peacekeeping as a strategic conflict resolution tool in the context of modern global conflicts. This paper evaluates the efficacy of UN Peacekeeping on the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of operation, and analyzes its performance through the lens of Clausewitz’s concepts of fog and friction. This paper concludes that the systematic challenges peacekeeping operations consistently face at each level of operation, coupled with the increasing complexity of contemporary global conflicts, calls into question the ability of UN Peacekeeping to reliably navigate and resolve modern-day global conflicts. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zr7h7fw Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Yeager, Megan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6xz2j37x Coping can help people deal with the imminent and distant effects of climate change and encourage people to take the necessary pro-environmental behaviors. The present research examines whether use of specific coping strategies depending on construal level can significantly affect one’s pro-environmental intentions. We found that inducing a match between climate change construal and type of coping strategy significantly predicted belief in climate change, while creating a mismatched condition did not. These findings aim to illuminate the relationship between coping strategy and level of construal, and how facilitating a greater match between them may promote more successful psychological adaptation. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6xz2j37x Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 La, Emily https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6jq1f4xd This research examined the effects of induced emotional states on individuals’ moral values endorsements. Participants were induced to feel joy, hope, fear, or anger at either the individual or group level through an event recall task. Subsequently, their endorsements of six moral foundations were measured. Results did not support the hypothesis that joy, hope, fear, or anger, experienced at the individual or group level, would significantly affect moral foundations endorsements. Endorsements of fairness/cheating did not significantly differ from care/harm, which in turn did not differ from liberty/oppression. These three foundations were rated as significantly more relevant than all others. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6jq1f4xd Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Davis, Ryan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/59n7q9bh The idea of chivalry came about in the Anglo-Norman period of medieval history and is understood to be a complex code of rules for behavior. One of these rules was to respect women. Furthermore, in many literary texts of the period, when a chivalrous gentleman hopes to offer love to a lady, he is expected to devote his entire life to his beloved. This would lead some to believe that chivalry gave women influence over their male counterparts during the medieval period. In this project, I analyze how the chivalric code gives or denies women power and agency in the texts of Marie de France. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/59n7q9bh Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Stevens, Abigail https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vz2915d The 1910 Los Angeles International Aviation Meet, inaugurated Los Angeles’s inextricable link with the aviation industry. Focusing on key historical actors and art of advertising used to sell the idea of flight to the public, this project posits that the 1910 Air Meet, not only helped to shape aviation, but also inspired the future of flight. This thesis tells the history of the airplane detailing the story of Los Angeles’ boosterism and the role said boosters played in the ultimate stabilization of airplane into a functional, reliable, and lucrative technology and industry. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vz2915d Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Janisch, Austin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gg011r6 The topic of religious tolerance is one that spans the scope of human history. In the following essay, this subject will be examined within the context of the late Roman Empire (180-395 CE.). This ancient period represents a chapter of Roman history almost exclusively recounted by ancient Christian historians, the result of which has led to the establishment of the famous narrative depicting late Romans as severely intolerant of non-Roman religions– most notably, Christianity. Through the analysis of extensive documentation, leading to the uncovering of inherent Christian bias, this established history will be challenged in an effort to present a narrative which characterizes the Roman society as exhibiting substantially more religious tolerance than previously believed. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gg011r6 Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Riherd, Joey https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zx7q8hk The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between implicit gender bias in medical professionals and misdiagnosis in young female-identified patients. The study examines the ways in which the age and gender of the patient can impact the accuracy and timeliness of the diagnoses young women receive. Furthermore, it analyzes how experiences with misdiagnosis alter patients’ perceptions of doctors. The findings of this study are based upon the survey responses of 21 young women, ages 19-25 years old. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zx7q8hk Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Glasser, Casey https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sg8204p Engaging youth in Science, Technology, Engineering,and Mathematics (STEM) fields earlier rather than later is important for developing a stronger foundation in these disciplines. The STEMinist project aims to engage young girls (fourth through sixth grade) in science and engineering through interactions with female scientists at the University of California, Santa Barbara. This study aims to identify what the girls take away from their interactions with the scientists and their visits to the labto inform after school STEM programming development. This paper presents themes that emerged from the analysis of participant interviews after completing the program. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sg8204p Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Clemens, Hailey https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k62s4nz Access to electricity is essential for development and economic growth. This study explores the potential for renewable energy to provide affordable energy and to alleviate energy poverty in the southern African region. Data analysis and visualization can help us understand the trends in, and characteristics of, energy demand and generation and draw insights into energy inequity across southern Africa. Patterns of electricity demand dictate the scale of energy infrastructure investments required to meet that demand reliably. However, electricity demand forecasts, dictated by the country’s paying capacity and international financial support, highlight the continuation of energy inequities across the southern African region well into the future. This electricity demand analysis project is part of a larger project examining cost-effective planning and implementation of renewable energy generation to provide reliable electricity to countries in southern Africa. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k62s4nz Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Curry, Tiana https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jr4q83p Honduras has endured a long history of environmental problems that are fueled by pressure from international bodies to increase economically-fueled activities that result in extreme land degradation. Logging, dam building, mining, and deforestation operations have all been met with extensive protests by indigenous groups, coalitions and movements. In response, interests supporting the continued exploitation of resources have subjected these groups to extreme and systematic violence in the hopes of silencing them. How successful is this use of terror to coerce violence? This paper reviews two case studies of violence in Honduras: the murder of internationally-recognized activist Berta Cáceres, and the violence perpetrated against the Tolupan people. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jr4q83p Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Lahey, Hannah https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3479z7h7 Longevity analysis provides valuable public health facts that can influence public policy, business decision-making, or new academic research directions. We must explore and interpret mortality data to gain these insights. This paper introduces a Longevity Forecasting Tool that we created with Shiny, an R package that facilitates interactive dashboard development. This tool showcases the use of Gaussian process regression for modeling mortality data. We use publicly available detailed mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER). This tool uses interactive data visualizations to engage users to better understand the mortality experiences across several U.S. groups. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3479z7h7 Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Hernandez, Rosalia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2wt234w1 California’s Indígena population (indigenous people who identify with origin communities in Mesoamerica) has grown over the last 70 years, especially during the 1990s. Simultaneously, the number of youth that have enrolled in the public-school system has increased. However, these youth are often not welcomed and instead experience racial microaggressions within schools that alienate and encourage them to assimilate while abandoning their culture. I will explore the history of displacement of Indígena youth and their interactions in schools. I will discuss a selection of Indígena youth experiences in the education system, while critically analyzing the implicit biases of those around them. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2wt234w1 Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Martínez, Fátima Andrade https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2693533n This Berlin Wall that Runs through Me sheds light into the legacies of the European colonization of Africa, chartered at Berlin in 1884-1885. The violent, crude invasion alienated Africans and criminalized intra-African mobilities by re-engineering Africans into rightless “natives” and “alien natives,” controlled within the new colonies in violation of their social, political and economic realities. Independence reified these “tribalizing” Berlin walls into national borders. The Ghana-Nigeria transborder expulsions (1960s-80s) illustrate the legacies of this alieNation. The Berlin walls continued the immobilization, alienation and criminalization of invented intra-African difference, rationalizing Afrophobic violence that still afflicts Africans today. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2693533n Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Eseka, Ebelechukwu Veronica https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23k081gd The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the global Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in tackling educational inequity, with an emphasis on the academic experiences of UCSB students. This research was done amidst the various controversies among local academic institutions, which included the 2019 California college admissions scandals and 2020 cost of living adjustment (COLA) protests. PISA is primarily a topdown initiative as it mainly champions educational equity through collaborations with government officials. This neglects the key role of community actors, such as governors and principals, and does not account for localized complexities, such as federalism in the United States. To identify bottom-up approaches that would complement PISA, a pilot study on the academic experiences of UCSB students was done. Key findings included 88% of the respondents coming from counties with higher standards of living, and only 3% having considered... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23k081gd Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Chun, Emma https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d37s5jh This research will argue for the historical significance of interconnectedness between the United States and Kashmir by using military aid archives, government records, and intellectual history. Together they provide the context needed to dispel the myth of the United States’ neutrality and reveal how Kashmir’s existence in American public life predates Indian Prime Minister Modi’s revocation of Article 370. Additionally, the guise of neutrality hides the impact of the United States’ military investments before and during the Kashmir Insurgency, even when the developments in Kashmir distinctly shaped debates in the United States public sphere. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d37s5jh Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Verma, Simren https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0809c8tr English and Spanish speakers learn different phonetic systems in their acquisition of their respective languages. Despite having the same phonemic contrast between voiced and voiceless plosives, the stop consonants of the two languages differ in voice onset time, or VOT. They also have different vowels with different formant values. We hypothesized that bilingual children exposed to both languages would display intermediate VOT and vowel formant values for both languages. Measuring readings from lists from four children aged three to five years, we found this to be the case for VOT for only voiced stops and not voiceless stops. VOT for this group seems to collapse into three categories: strongly positive, slightly positive, and negative, to one of which all of their stop productions belong. Vowels did not appear to have a distinct, discernible pattern among bilingual children. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0809c8tr Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Gravelle, William