Recent ucsflibrary items

AI in your Toolkit: Critical Approaches to Using AI in your Work (Lightning Talk at the 2026 Medical Library Association Annual Conference)

Mon, 1 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background

Over the past two years, the Library has experienced a sharp rise in questions about generative artificial intelligence (AI). Students, faculty, and staff are increasingly exposed to AI-powered databases and tools and seek guidance on whether these tools can be used responsibly. At the same time, the institution has made substantial investments in AI infrastructure and actively promotes AI adoption across a wide rangeof use cases. Within this environment, Library staff identified a need for coordinated training that moves beyond promotion and instead offers a critical and practical perspective to build AI literacy in the campus community.

Description

Between November 2025 and May 2026, the Library offered a six-session workshop series designed to support university students, faculty, and staff in critically examining the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in their professional practice. The series was taught by staff from across the Library...

Connecting, Collaborating, Creating: Advancing Equitable Teaching in the Library (Talk at 2026 Medical Library Association Annual Conference)

Mon, 1 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background

In 2022 Library staff launched a project to enhance inclusive library teaching practices and foster collaboration among library educators. This project stemmed from a larger theme in the Library’s 2020-2025 strategic plan that aimed to build the reputation of library staff as essential campus educators. The key objectives of the project were to establish a community of practice for library educators, and develop a comprehensive guide to equitable teaching in the Library.

Description

The project team brought together librarians and staff from across the Library, representing diverse teaching expertise and education backgrounds. The team met monthly from late 2022 to the end of 2025 to develop the project goals, plan the Library Educators Community of Practice meetings, and design and launch the Equitable Teaching Guide. The first major milestone was the creation of the Library Educators Community of Practice, a bi-monthly meeting to foster...

Digital Health Humanities Toolkit: A Minimal Computing Reflection

Wed, 20 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Digital Health Humanities Toolkit: A Minimal Computing Reflection

Correction: Informed Consent Practices for Publication of Patient Images in Dermatology Journals.

Mon, 30 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/60795.].

Informed Consent Practices for Publication of Patient Images in Dermatology Journals

Thu, 24 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Informed Consent Practices for Publication of Patient Images in Dermatology Journals

54798 Informed Consent Practices for Publication of Patient Images in Dermatology Journals

Thu, 24 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

54798 Informed Consent Practices for Publication of Patient Images in Dermatology Journals

A Benchmarking Survey of Open Access Funds at the University of California

Fri, 11 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Objective – The purpose of this study was to examine the status and viability of application-based open access funds (OAFs) across the University of California (UC) Libraries to assist with long-term planning for this type of funding at UC. Methods – In 2022, the authors surveyed the 10 UC campus libraries about both the outcome of an earlier UC-wide OAF pilot and the current status of application-based OAFs to support article processing charges (APCs), book processing charges (BPCs), and open educational resources (OERs). Five campuses reported having a current OAF. These five campuses responded to additional questions about their budgets and their sustainability, the number of publications funded, policies, and staffing resources for managing the OAF. Results – Five UC campuses had an active application-based OAF, with budgets or expenditures ranging from $20,000 - $271,000 annually. Only two campuses felt their budget was sustainable. One of the five campuses closed its fund...

#metoo & medlibs: how to start conversations about sexual harassment in your library

Thu, 6 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Presented at the 2019 Medical Library Association Conference.

Background

The #metoo movement has facilitated national conversations about sexual violence, including workplace sexual harassment. Although anecdotal evidence suggests that many library workers experience sexual harassment, no comprehensive studies exist and no professional guidelines or recommendations are available for those interested in creating change in their libraries. How do we begin these conversations in our profession and our libraries?

Description

This talk will describe several recommendations for starting the process of addressing sexual harassment in your library. These recommendations are based on recent work done by the Sexual Harassment Task Force at UCSF Library, including a library-wide survey to explore staff experiences of sexual harassment and educational efforts based on these survey results.

...

Measuring imposter phenomenon among health sciences librarians

Thu, 6 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Presented at the 2018 Medical Library Association Conference.

Objective

Imposter phenomenon is the inability to internalize accomplishments while experiencing the fear of being exposed as a fraud. Despite informal discussion and interest among the medical librarian community, no research has been conducted on this topic within our field. Our research objective is to measure imposter phenomenon (IP) among US health sciences librarians.

Methods

In this mixed methods study, a census of all eligible Medical Library Association members, excluding students, retired members, unemployed members, and international members, was taken from October to December 2017. The census population was 2179, and 325 responses (15%) were expected. We administered an anonymous online survey using REDCap, featuring the Harvey Imposter Phenomenon scale, open-ended questions about coping strategies to address imposter phenomenon at work, and demographic information....

Evidence-based public health and information needs of public health workers: a systematic search and review

Thu, 6 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Poster presented at the 2016 Northern California & Nevada Medical Library Group (NCNMLG) Conference.

This study aims to assess the information needs of public health workers based on a review of the literature using a systematic search strategy.

Sexual harassment in the library: understanding experiences and taking action

Thu, 6 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Presented at the 2019 Association of College and Research Libraries Conference.

Sexual harassment in libraries exists, but it has not been comprehensively studied. In the wake of the #MeToo movement and shared anecdotal experiences, library staff members at the University of California, San Francisco were empowered to address this issue in our library. This paper will present the results of our survey of sexual harassment experiences of our staff and, in an effort to encourage other academic library workers to spearhead similar efforts in their own environments, will document our process of developing anti-sexual harassment efforts in our library.

Systematic reviews at UCSF: an evaluation of methodology

Thu, 6 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Presentation at the 2017 Medical Library Association Conference

Objective: UCSF Library has one year trial access to Embase with the express goal of providing a systematic review service to assist authors create this increasingly important study type. The aim of the current study is to analyze the last 10 years of systematic reviews written by UCSF authors for databases used and conformity with IOM and PRISMA recommendations.

Methods: A search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for UCSF-authored systematic reviews between 1/1/2006 through 8/23/2016 found 2133 articles. Title/abstract screening eliminated 979 articles that did not meet inclusion criteria. Data was extracted from the remaining 1154 articles.

The following data will be extracted: number and names of databases searched, extent of librarian...

Coping Strategies for Impostor Phenomenon Among Health Sciences Librarians

Thu, 6 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Presented at the 2019 Medical Library Association Conference.

Objective

Impostor phenomenon is the inability to internalize accomplishments while experiencing the fear of being exposed as a fraud. Impostor phenomenon can have serious adverse effects including: anxiety, depression, lack of confidence, decreased job satisfaction and performance, and burnout. Our research objective is to discover effective coping strategies to help health sciences librarians address feelings of impostor phenomenon.

Methods

In our study, the first to measure impostor phenomenon in health science librarians, we distributed an anonymous online survey via REDCap to measure impostor phenomenon among US health sciences librarians and learn about strategies to cope with impostor phenomenon. We used the Harvey Impostor Phenomenon scale (higher scores are associated with feelings of fraudulence) and asked two open-ended...

Creating a police-free library: new abolitionist roles for library workers

Thu, 6 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Poster presented at the 2023 American Library Association Conference.

Librarianship is grappling with how structural racism manifests and is furthered through the profession. This is occurring at a moment when the impact of policing and incarceration, particularly of Black Americans, has reached a critical point in the US. With Black people five times more likely to be incarcerated and twice as likely to be killed by police than people of any other racial identity, the manifestations of structural racism, and anti-Blackness in particular, in these systems are apparent.

After learning that 70% of 231 use of police force incidents on our campus in 2020 were against Black people, our library staff dedicated ourselves to eliminating anti-Black violence in our library space. This poster presentation will describe our journey to learn about and practice abolitionist services in libraries; our collaborations with...

Sexual harassment in the library: understanding experiences & taking action

Thu, 6 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Poster presented at the 2023 American Library Association Conference.

Sexual harassment of library employees has not been comprehensively studied. In the first study measuring sexual harassment experiences of academic library employees at a single institution, we conducted a census of 1,610 non-student employees at the 10-campus University of California Libraries system. Our objectives were to: measure sexual harassment experiences quantitatively and qualitatively; identify opinions of library staff regarding institutional support around sexual harassment; and produce policy and training recommendations based on this data. Out of 579 respondents to our anonymous online survey, 54% experienced and/or observed sexual harassment at work, 74% did not report their experiences, and University of California Libraries staff were the most frequently reported exhibitors of sexual harassment behaviors. Respondents recommended training, workplace culture change, support from leadership,...

Negotiating the librarian's role in research collaborations: a health sciences case study

Thu, 6 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Poster presented at the 2017 Librarians Association of the University of California (LAUC) Assembly

Background: Librarians contribute expertise to faculty projects but often experience uncertainty around the extent of their involvement in research teams. The librarian’s role, while crucial in many projects, can be ambiguous at best, dismissed at worst, and misunderstood in many cases. Lack of librarian acknowledgement in completed projects highlights the fact that librarians are a highly utilized but undervalued resource.

Objective: Systematic reviews are a relatively new method of research that require in-depth librarian involvement, but there are no standards within librarianship for negotiating place within systematic review research teams. This poster aims to address key issues librarians face when collaborating on systematic reviews and other research projects.

...

Sexual harassment at University of California Libraries: Understanding the experiences of library staff members

Thu, 6 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Poster presented at the 2021 Mountain Pacific Health Science Libraries Conference.
In the first study measuring sexual harassment experiences of academic library employees at a single institution, we conducted a census of 1,610 non-student employees at the 10-campus University of California Libraries system. This anonymous online survey measured how sexual harassment was experienced and observed in terms of behaviors, exhibitors, reporting and disclosure, institutional support and betrayal, and recommendations for future actions. Out of 579 respondents, 54% experienced and/or observed sexual harassment at work, 74% did not report their experiences, and University of California Libraries staff were the most frequently reported exhibitors of sexual harassment behaviors. Respondents recommended training, workplace culture change, support from leadership, and clear reporting processes in order to address sexual harassment at University of California Libraries. We aim to raise...

The role of information science within the clinical translational science ecosystem

Mon, 20 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000
Academic health sciences libraries ("libraries") offer services that span the entire research lifecycle, positioning them as natural partners in advancing clinical and translational science. Many libraries enjoy active and productive collaborations with Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program hubs and other translational initiatives like the IDeA Clinical & Translational Research Network. This article explores areas of potential partnership between libraries and Translational Science Hubs (TSH), highlighting areas where libraries can support the CTSA Program's five functional areas outlined in the Notice of Funding Opportunity. It serves as a primer for TSH and libraries to explore potential collaborations, demonstrating how libraries can connect researchers to services and resources that support the information needs of TSH.

Reliability of Modified Radiographic Union Score for Tibia Scores in the Evaluation of Femoral Shaft Fractures in a Low-resource Setting

Wed, 15 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000
Reliability of Modified Radiographic Union Score for Tibia Scores in the Evaluation of Femoral Shaft Fractures in a Low-resource Setting

An miRNA derived from amelogenin exon4 regulates expression of transcription factor Runx2 by directly targeting upstream activators Nfia and Prkch

Wed, 15 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000
An miRNA derived from amelogenin exon4 regulates expression of transcription factor Runx2 by directly targeting upstream activators Nfia and Prkch

A Domain-General Developmental "Do-GooD" Network Model of Prosocial Cognition in Adolescence: A Systematic Review

Wed, 15 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000
A Domain-General Developmental "Do-GooD" Network Model of Prosocial Cognition in Adolescence: A Systematic Review

COVID-19 Vaccination and Estimated Public Health Impact in California

Wed, 15 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000
COVID-19 Vaccination and Estimated Public Health Impact in California

Longitudinal Trajectories of Memory Performance in Patients with Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Wed, 15 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000
Longitudinal Trajectories of Memory Performance in Patients with Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Opportunities to use electronic health record audit logs to improve cancer care

Wed, 15 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000
Opportunities to use electronic health record audit logs to improve cancer care

Sexual harassment at University of California Libraries: Understanding the experiences of library staff members

Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In the first study measuring sexual harassment experiences of academic library employees at a single institution, we conducted a census of 1,610 non-student employees at the 10-campus University of California Libraries system. This anonymous online survey measured how sexual harassment was experienced and observed in terms of behaviors, exhibitors, reporting and disclosure, institutional support and betrayal, and recommendations for future actions. Out of 579 respondents, 54% experienced and/or observed sexual harassment at work. Respondents recommended training, workplace culture change, support from leadership, and clear reporting processes in order to address sexual harassment at University of California Libraries.

2024 Industry Documents Undergraduate Summer Fellowship - JUUL Labs Collection Final Report

Mon, 21 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000
This report, developed as part of the 2024 UCSF Industry Documents Library Undergraduate Summer Fellowship, examines four distinct projects that leverage natural language processing and data science within the context of the JUUL Labs Collection and the broader IDL. Project One investigates the optical character recognition (OCR) accuracy of low-quality and handwritten documents in the absence of ground truth data. Project Two explores the implementation of embedding search algorithms and visualizations aimed at enhancing the relevance of document recommendations for users. Project Three employs txt-ferret to conduct a thorough scan of a substantial corpus of industry documents to identify sensitive information, including credit card numbers. Finally, Project Four assesses the biases present in large language model (LLM) summarization through the lens of sentiment analysis.

Silence in OCR: What Could Handwritten Documents Tell Us?

Wed, 2 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This report, produced as part of the UCSF Archives and Special Collections Summer Fellowship program, explores the efficacy of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology in processing archival documents. OCR technology, which automates the extraction of text from images, has significantly advanced recently, providing substantial benefits for archival organizations by making vast amounts of previously “hidden” data more accessible. This study specifically examines the disparities in OCR quality between handwritten and typewritten documents, highlighting that OCR’s effectiveness is considerably lower for handwritten texts. This discrepancy results in biases and underrepresentation in datasets, particularly affecting the accessibility and utility of handwritten documents from historical archives.
Utilizing a dataset comprising documents related to AIDS/HIV activism from the 1980s and 1990s, this project evaluates the performance of three OCR tools—Tesseract, Google Cloud...

2023 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference on Precision Emergency Medicine: Development of a policy‐relevant, patient‐centered research agenda

Thu, 5 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000
OBJECTIVES: Precision medicine is data-driven health care tailored to individual patients based on their unique attributes, including biologic profiles, disease expressions, local environments, and socioeconomic conditions. Emergency medicine (EM) has been peripheral to the precision medicine discourse, lacking both a unified definition of precision medicine and a clear research agenda. We convened a national consensus conference to build a shared mental model and develop a research agenda for precision EM. METHODS: We held a conference to (1) define precision EM, (2) develop an evidence-based research agenda, and (3) identify educational gaps for current and future EM clinicians. Nine preconference workgroups (biomedical ethics, data science, health professions education, health care delivery and access, informatics, omics, population health, sex and gender, and technology and digital tools), comprising 84 individuals, garnered expert opinion, reviewed relevant literature, engaged...

Libraries Take on Policy: Support for Open Access and Open Data

Wed, 7 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000
Published in Against the Grain: Vol. 26: Iss. 2, Article 11, April 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7771/2380-176X.6696

Elevator Pitch Exercise Template and Examples

Wed, 7 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000
Use this elevator pitch template for exercises to create a concise and compelling job position or project description. Examples of the template are included describing two librarian positions as well as an open access policy. The template can be modified to describe a product, organization, or idea.

Boosting the Open Access Policy

Wed, 7 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000
Presented at the 2017 Charleston Conference.

Life Support for the Open Access Policy

Wed, 7 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000
Presented at the 2017 San Jose State University Open Access Conference.

Reaching Diverse Populations Through Targeted Library Services

Tue, 6 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The mission of the University of California, San Francisco is Advancing Health Worldwide. There are several different programs across the University providing outreach to and collaborating with health providers and learners in developing countries, and programs reaching out to minority students enrolled in high school and undergraduate programs to encourage interest in careers in the health sciences. The UCSF Library has worked to collaborate with campus groups engaged with minority and marginalized populations. This poster will highlight collaborations with our Global Cancer Program, The UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences, The Global Brain Health Institute, SF BUILD (Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity), UCSF PUP (Pre-Health Undergraduate Program), NEXGENE Girls program, and the UCSF Summer Student Research Program. The poster will also highlight other types of research collaborations between Librarians and investigators working on projects focused...

Promoting DEIA Through Outreach, Collections, & Scholarly Communication

Tue, 6 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Library has been actively engaged in promoting diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) goals through a variety of approaches, including outreach and education to targeted campus groups, research collaborations, exhibits and public programming, participation in UC-wide groups, and collections. The library has incorporated DEIA into the library’s strategic plan goals, created rubrics for use in the hiring process, and incorporated DEIA activities and goals into the performance evaluation process for library employees. The University of California has also developed transformative publishing agreements with multiple publishers, allowing UC authors the option of publishing their articles open access with no or low article processing charges (APCs). These agreements allow UC authors to maintain their copyrights and encourage young researchers, LGBTQ+ researchers and other minority researchers to publish and promote...

Going Global: Librarian Involvement in Outreach & Global Health Research

Tue, 6 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The mission of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) is Advancing Health Worldwide. To that end, the campus engages in outreach to low-and-middle-income countries through research collaborations and other outreach activities. The education and research librarians at the UCSF Library actively work with researchers and programs engaged in global health programming and projects, and provide educational support and online training for learners in Africa and other developing countries. UCSF research librarians support those working in UCSF’s Institute for Global Health, the Global Brain Health Institute, and UCSF’s Global Cancer Program, as well as UCSF School of Medicine projects engaging in global health efforts. This poster will describe the global programming activities on campus and librarian involvement in teaching and supporting learners around the world. The poster will also highlight librarian involvement and collaboration on specific systematic...

An Actionable Guide to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) in Scholarly Communication

Fri, 26 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Libraries strive to increase diversity in the workforce and foster equity and inclusion through the resources and services we provide. Recognizing the inequities and biases that exist within the scholarly publishing ecosystem, the authors created a publicly accessible online resource on the University of California Office of Scholarly Communication website to guide stakeholders to actions they could take to create more equitable scholarly communication environments. The resulting site offers distinct sections for peer reviewers, editorial boards, authors, scholarly publishers, and libraries, each summarizing research into the equity challenges for that group and suggesting actionable steps for addressing these challenges. We hope that, by interacting with this resource, scholarly communication stakeholders will gain a better understanding of the landscape and know how to take action. This poster will present our model for raising awareness of the inequities in the scholarly...

Rapid transition of a preclinical health systems science and social justice course to remote learning in the time of coronavirus

Tue, 16 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000
Rapid transition of a preclinical health systems science and social justice course to remote learning in the time of coronavirus

Intracranial temporal bone angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: illustrative case

Tue, 16 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000
Intracranial temporal bone angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: illustrative case

Shy, Not Anti-Social: How to Include and Represent Shy Children in the Library

Thu, 18 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000
Shyness in children is a phenomenon often overlooked as a trait that every child will “grow out of” or stigmatized as an emotional or behavioral anomaly, by caregivers as well as teachers. Yet, academic research on supporting shy children in the context of library youth services is scarce.Unlike social anxiety or introversion, shyness is a lay term that is more difficult to pinpoint, yet inherently meaningful. Asendorpf defines the term broadly as, “various forms of modest, reserved, wary, inhibited, anxious, or withdrawn behaviors in social situations.” While this may serve as a functioning umbrella for a variety of behaviors, not all children who identify as being shy exemplify all of these behaviors.

Automated indexing using NLM's Medical Text Indexer (MTI) compared to human indexing in Medline: a pilot study

Thu, 18 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Objective
In 2002, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) introduced semi-automated indexing of Medline using the Medical Text Indexer (MTI). In 2021, NLM announced that it would fully automate its indexing in Medline with an improved MTI by mid-2022. This pilot study examines indexing using a sample of records in Medline from 2000, and how an early, public version of MTI's outputs compares to records created by human indexers.
Methods
This pilot study examines twenty Medline records from 2000, a year before the MTI was introduced as a MeSH term recommender. We identified twenty higher- and lower-impact biomedical journals based on Journal Impact Factor (JIF) and examined the indexing of papers by feeding their PubMed records into the Interactive MTI tool.
Results
In the sample, we found key differences between automated and human-indexed Medline records: MTI assigned more terms and used them more accurately for citations in the higher JIF group, and MTI...

What Collaboration Means to Us: Sharing Stories to Drive Open Scholarship

Fri, 23 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000
What Collaboration Means to Us: Sharing Stories to Drive Open Scholarship

Peer-reviewed publications in orthopaedic surgery from lower income countries: A comparative analysis

Fri, 23 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000
INTRODUCTION: Musculoskeletal (MSK) disease is a substantial global burden, especially in lower income countries. However, limited research has been published on MSK health by scholars from these countries. We aimed to study the distribution of authorships, including trends in peer-reviewed orthopaedic publications based on each author's affiliated institution's country income status. METHODS: Based on a bibliometric search, 119 orthopaedic-related journals were identified using the Journal Citation Reports database. Details of all scientific articles published in these journals between 2012 and 2021 were used to study trends and association between each of the author's affiliated institution's country income status, using the World Bank Classification. RESULTS: Of the 133,718 unique articles, 87.6% had at least one author affiliation from a high-income country (HIC), 7.0% from an upper-middle income country (UMIC), 5.2% from a lower-middle income country (LMIC), and 0.2% from...

From Python to Raspberry Pi: Celebrating Pi Day with data science

Wed, 20 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000
The University of California-San Francisco (UCSF) Library is a graduate-only health science university with four professional schools (medicine, pharmacy, nursing, and dentistry), a graduate division, and an academic medical center. For several years UCSF has been the number one public recipient of NIH funding, reflecting the school’s dedication to biomedical research. Around 2015, the UCSF Library began investigating new ways to serve the university’s research population. Seeing a need for more computational and entrepreneurship training the library piloted two new programs: the Data Science Initiative (DSI) and the Makers Lab.

Interplay of demographics, geography and COVID-19 pandemic responses in the Puget Sound region: The Vashon, Washington Medical Reserve Corps experience

Mon, 18 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000
BACKGROUND: Rural U.S. communities are at risk from COVID-19 due to advanced age and limited access to acute care. Recognizing this, the Vashon Medical Reserve Corps (VMRC) in King County, Washington, implemented an all-volunteer, community-based COVID-19 response program. This program integrated public engagement, SARS-CoV-2 testing, contact tracing, vaccination, and material community support, and was associated with the lowest cumulative COVID-19 case rate in King County. This study aimed to investigate the contributions of demographics, geography and public health interventions to Vashon's low COVID-19 rates. METHODS: This observational cross-sectional study compares cumulative COVID-19 rates and success of public health interventions from February 2020 through November 2021 for Vashon Island with King County (including metropolitan Seattle) and Whidbey Island, located ~50 km north of Vashon. To evaluate the role of demography, we developed multiple linear regression models...

Examining socioeconomic status disparities in facility-based childbirth in Kenya: role of perceived need, accessibility, and quality of care

Fri, 7 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000
BackgroundGiving birth in health facilities with skilled birth attendants (SBAs) is one of the key efforts promoted to reduce preventable maternal deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. However, research has revealed large socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in facility-based childbirth. We seek to extend the literature on the factors underlying these SES disparities. Drawing on the Disparities in Skilled Birth Attendance (DiSBA) framework, we examined the contribution of three proximal factors—perceived need, accessibility, and quality of care—that influence the use of SBAs.MethodsWe used data from a survey conducted in Migori County, Kenya in 2016, among women aged 15–49 years who gave birth nine weeks before the survey (N = 1020). The primary outcome is facility-based childbirth. The primary predictors are wealth, measured in quintiles calculated from a wealth index based on principal component analysis of household assets, and highest education level attained. Proposed mediating...

A new conceptual model of experiences of aging in place in the United States: Results of a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies

Sat, 3 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the evidence on experiences of aging in place in the United States. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies. DATA SOURCES: We searched six bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts), with no limits on publication date. Eligible studies reported peer-reviewed qualitative research on experiences of aging in place in the United States with full-text available in English. REVIEW METHODS: Three reviewers independently used Covidence software to screen titles and abstracts followed by full texts. We assessed quality and risk of bias using a modified version of the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Qualitative Research. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using meta-ethnography, following Noblit and Hare's seven-step method of translation and synthesis to generate a novel conceptual model. RESULTS: Of 2659 papers screened, 37...

Mutational Landscape of Aggressive Prostate Tumors in African American Men

Tue, 2 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed and second most fatal nonskin cancer among men in the United States. African American men are two times more likely to develop and die of prostate cancer compared with men of other ancestries. Previous whole genome or exome tumor-sequencing studies of prostate cancer have primarily focused on men of European ancestry. In this study, we sequenced and characterized somatic mutations in aggressive (Gleason ≥7, stage ≥T2b) prostate tumors from 24 African American patients. We describe the locations and prevalence of small somatic mutations (up to 50 bases in length), copy number aberrations, and structural rearrangements in the tumor genomes compared with patient-matched normal genomes. We observed several mutation patterns consistent with previous studies, such as large copy number aberrations in chromosome 8 and complex rearrangement chains. However, TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions and PTEN losses occurred in only 21% and 8% of the African...

Associations between self-reported obstetric complications and experience of care: a secondary analysis of survey data from Ghana, Kenya, and India

Wed, 15 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000
BackgroundAlthough several indicators have been proposed to measure women’s experience of care in health facilities during the intrapartum period, it is unknown if these indicators perform differently in the context of obstetric emergencies. We examined the relationship between experience of care indicators from the Person-Centered Maternity Care (PCMC) scale and obstetric complications.MethodsWe used data from four cross-sectional surveys conducted in Kenya (rural: N = 873; urban: N = 531), Ghana (N = 531), and India (N = 2018) between August 2016 and October 2017. The pooled sample included 3953 women aged 15–49 years who gave birth within 9 weeks prior to the survey. Experience of care was measured using the PCMC scale. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariable analyses were conducted to examine the associations between the composite and 31 individual PCMC indicators with (1) obstetric complications; (2) severity of complications; and (3) delivery by cesarean section...

COVID-19 mortality and excess mortality among working-age residents in California, USA, by occupational sector: a longitudinal cohort analysis of mortality surveillance data

Wed, 26 Oct 2022 00:00:00 +0000
BACKGROUND: During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, workers in essential sectors had higher rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 mortality than those in non-essential sectors. It is unknown whether disparities in pandemic-related mortality across occupational sectors have continued to occur during the periods of SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccine availability. METHODS: In this longitudinal cohort study, we obtained data from the California Department of Public Health on all deaths occurring in the state of California, USA, from Jan 1, 2016, to Dec 31, 2021. We restricted our analysis to residents of California who were aged 18-65 years at time of death and died of natural causes. We classified the occupational sector into nine essential sectors; non-essential; or unemployed or without an occupation provided on the death certificate. We calculated the number of COVID-19 deaths in total and per capita that occurred in each occupational sector. Separately, using autoregressive...

The Opioid Industry Documents Archive: A Living Digital Repository

Thu, 21 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000
The Opioid Industry Documents Archive: A Living Digital Repository

Leadership development programs for healthcare professionals in low‐and middle‐income countries: A systematic review

Wed, 13 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000
BACKGROUND: Leadership development programs are integral to the future success of public health and healthcare organisations. Despite low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) bearing a greater burden of unmet medical needs, fewer professional development opportunities exist in these settings. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of available leadership development programs for healthcare professionals in LMICs. METHODS: This study conforms to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis-P systematic review and traditional meta-analyses guidelines. Articles were identified through five academic databases: Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, ERIC, and Business Source Complete. Eligibility criteria included original research published in peer-reviewed journals on non-clinical, leadership development programs offered to healthcare professionals in LMICs worldwide. RESULTS: Forty-one peer-reviewed articles met inclusion criteria, of which physicians,...

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing to evaluate post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (“Long COVID”): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Tue, 12 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Importance: Reduced exercise capacity is commonly reported among individuals with Long COVID (LC). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the gold-standard to measure exercise capacity to identify causes of exertional intolerance. Objectives: To estimate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on exercise capacity including those with and without LC symptoms and to characterize physiologic patterns of limitations to elucidate possible mechanisms of LC. Data Sources: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, preprint severs, conference abstracts, and cited references in December 2021 and again in May 2022. Study Selection: We included studies of adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection at least three months prior that included CPET measured peak VO ₂ . 3,523 studies were screened independently by two blinded reviewers; 72 (2.2%) were selected for full-text review and 36 (1.2%) met the inclusion criteria; we identified 3 additional studies from preprint servers. Data Extraction...

Survival outcomes in pediatric recurrent high-grade glioma: results of a 20-year systematic review and meta-analysis

Tue, 12 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Recurrent pediatric high-grade glioma is a leading cause of cancer-related death in children. We report results of a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating survival outcome in pediatric patients with recurrent high-grade glioma over the last 20 years. MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Review databases were searched for relevant studies reporting on survival outcomes for pediatric patients with recurrent high-grade glioma treated between 1996 and 2016. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated cumulatively over all studies, by therapy subgroup, and by decade of treatment. Random effects models were used to control for heterogeneity as measured by the I2 statistic. A total of 17 studies across 4 treatment strategies were included. Eleven investigated traditional chemotherapy, 1 investigated targeted therapy, 3 investigated immunotherapy, and 2 investigated radiotherapy. A total of 129 patients were included with a...

Navigation programs relevant for African American men with prostate cancer: a scoping review protocol

Tue, 12 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000
BackgroundThe excess incidence and mortality due to prostate cancer that impacts African American men constitutes the largest of all cancer disparities. Patient navigation is a patient-centered healthcare system intervention to eliminate barriers to timely, high-quality care across the cancer continuum and improves health outcomes among vulnerable patients. However, little is known regarding the extent to which navigation programs include cultural humility to address prostate cancer disparities among African American men. We present a scoping review protocol of an in-depth examination of navigation programs in prostate cancer care—including navigation activities/procedures, training, and management—with a special focus on cultural context and humility for African American men to achieve health equity.MethodsWe will conduct comprehensive searches of the literature in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL Complete, using keywords and index terms (Mesh and Emtree) within the...

Person-Centered Care Research in Ghana: a Scoping Review Protocol

Tue, 12 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Abstract Background: Person-centered care (PCC) is provision of care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values, and ensures that patient values guide all clinical decisions. While there is a large body of evidence on the benefits of PCC in high-income countries, little research exists on PCC in Ghana and Sub-Saharan Africa at large. Most studies on PCC have focused on maternity care as part of the global movement of respectful maternity care. The few studies on patient experiences and health system responsiveness beyond maternal health also highlight gaps in patient experience and satisfaction, as well as discrimination in health facilities which leads to the most vulnerable having the poorest experiences. This scoping review aims to systematically map the extent of literature focused on PCC in Ghana by identifying patient expectations and preferences, barriers and facilitators, and interventions regarding PCC in Ghana.Methods:...

Earlier initiation of palliative care in the disease trajectory of people living with dementia: a scoping review protocol

Wed, 8 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000
INTRODUCTION: While the need for palliative care for people living with dementia has widely been recognised, they continue to be a disadvantaged group when it comes to timely initiation, and controversies remain regarding appropriate timing, or what elements constitute high quality palliative care early in the disease trajectory. To date, no literature review has summarised this debate or offered insights. The aim of this scoping review is to provide a general overview of research regarding palliative care in mild or moderate dementia, to identify existing controversies, and to examine what are key components of palliative care in dementia, specifically when initiated earlier in the disease trajectory. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Consistent with recent guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews, we carried out a search for academic literature in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science;...

Cost-Effectiveness of Immunotherapy Treatments for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

Wed, 8 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000
BACKGROUND: Kidney cancer exerts significant disease burden in the United States and possesses a rapidly evolving treatment landscape. The expansion of novel systemic treatment approaches and the use of immunotherapy has been accompanied by increased costs over time. However, the cost-effectiveness of immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not been fully assessed. The current study presents a systematic review of cost-effectiveness studies of immunotherapy-based treatment in the context of RCC. METHODS: A literature search utilizing PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was undertaken to find articles related to the cost-effectiveness of immunotherapy treatment in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The inclusion criteria for articles were as follows: English, published between 1983 and 2020 and evaluated cost-effectiveness in any of the currently approved immunotherapies for RCC. Exclusion criteria included being a review article, commentary or editorial,...

Examining reporting and representation of patients with cancer in COVID‐19 clinical trials

Wed, 8 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Background
Patients with cancer are particularly vulnerable in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging evidence suggests that patients with a cancer diagnosis are three times more likely to die from COVID-19 compared to non-cancer patients. Due to these observed risks, it is critical that emerging COVID-19 therapies demonstrate safety and efficacy among patients with cancer.
Aim
This study sought to examine reporting and representation of patients with cancer among published COVID-19 treatment-related research studies.
Methods and results
All published COVID-19 treatment-related clinical research studies published from March 1 to August 20, 2020 recruiting from North America and Europe were identified. The date published, study design, therapeutics studied, and study population were evaluated. Of the 343 studies identified through initial search and researcher knowledge, 55 (16%) reported on COVID-19 treatments. Twenty-one COVID-19 therapeutic studies (n = 15,...

Diagnosis, Staging, Radiation Treatment Response Assessment, and Outcome Prognostication of Head and Neck Cancers Using PET Imaging A Systematic Review

Wed, 8 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000
This systematic review summarizes the current applications of ¹⁸F-FDG PET imaging in the diagnosis, staging, radiation treatment response assessment, and outcome prognostication of head and neck cancers. For head and neck cancers of unknown primary origin, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT increases the likelihood of identifying the primary tumor and establishing the diagnosis. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is important in the accurate staging of locoregionally advanced cases of HNSCC, which can greatly affect recommendations for treatment. Following definitive chemoradiation, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is validated as a means of treatment response assessment. Emerging PET tracers of hypoxia and their potential applications are reviewed.

The significance of surgically modifying soft tissue phenotype around fixed dental prostheses: An American Academy of Periodontology best evidence review

Wed, 8 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000
BACKGROUND: This systematic review endeavored to investigate the effect of soft tissue phenotype modification therapy (PhMT-s) at sites with a tooth or an implant supported fixed dental prosthesis. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted by two independent examiners to identify relevant studies reporting differences in clinical, esthetic, or radiographic outcomes of interest between sites underwent PhMT-s and sites that remained untreated. Risk of bias assessment was calculated for all included studies. Meta-analyses involving endpoints of interest were performed when feasible. RESULTS: No controlled studies pertaining to tooth sites were identified. A total of six articles reporting on the outcomes of buccal soft tissue phenotype modification around implants were selected, of which, five were included in the meta-analyses. Quantitative analyses showed a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 0.98 mm (95% CI = 0.25 to 1.72 mm, P = 0.009) for change of tissue...

Three-dimensional morphologic changes in the temporomandibular joint in asymptomatic patients who undergo orthodontic treatment: A systematic review

Wed, 8 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to summarize the morphologic changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients who underwent orthodontic treatment and were assessed by 3-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, cone beam computed tomography, and multidetector computed tomography). STUDY DESIGN: The authors searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases to identify original articles from 2014 to 2021 containing keywords for morphologic changes in the TMJ, orthodontic treatment, and three-dimensional imaging methods. Prospective and retrospective studies, including observational, cross-sectional, randomized, and nonrandomized clinical trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies, were reviewed. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The risk of bias was assessed in studies selected for the full-text review. RESULTS: The search strategy...

Characteristics of COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections among Vaccinated Individuals and Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review

Wed, 8 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000
We sought to assess breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in vaccinated individuals by variant distribution and to identify the common risk associations. The PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Embase databases were searched from 2019 to 30 January 2022. The outcome of interest was breakthrough infections (BTIs) in individuals who had completed a primary COVID-19 vaccination series. Thirty-three papers were included in the review. BTIs were more common among variants of concern (VOC) of which Delta accounted for the largest number of BTIs (96%), followed by Alpha (0.94%). In addition, 90% of patients with BTIs recovered, 11.6% were hospitalized with mechanical ventilation, and 0.6% resulted in mortality. BTIs were more common in healthcare workers (HCWs) and immunodeficient individuals with a small percentage found in fully vaccinated healthy individuals. VOC mutations were the primary cause of BTIs. Continued mitigation approaches (e.g., wearing masks and social distancing) are...

Ecological systems in relation to Latinx youth in the juvenile justice system: A narrative literature review

Wed, 8 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000
We conducted a narrative review of literature focused on Latinx youth in the Juvenile Justice System (JJS). The goal of this review was to identify the behavioral health needs and social and cultural factors that place Latinx youth at disproportionate risk for contact and entrenchment with the JJS. Ecodevelopmental Theory (ET) was used as the guiding framework for this review, and a total of 16 peer reviewed articles from Embase, PsychINFO, and Pubmed were collected, analyzed, and summarized. Consistent with ET, we organized themes from the literature into the following sections: (a) microsystem (i.e., family, psychiatric care, sexual health care, school); (b) mesosystem (i.e., family and social environment); (c) exosystem (i.e., family and neighborhood context, and bicultural stress); and (d) macrosystem (i.e., generational status, cultural stress, social class). Sociopolitical disparities, such as disproportionate sentencing by social class and trauma stemming from political...

Association of tooth loss with morbidity and mortality by diabetes status in older adults: a systematic review

Wed, 8 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000
ObjectiveThis systematic review assesses the association of tooth loss (TL), as the exposure, with morbidity and mortality by diabetes mellitus (DM) status, as the outcome, in older adults.BackgroundIndividuals with DM have higher prevalence of severe TL and increased risk of developing morbidities and mortality. No systematic review has evaluated the association between TL with morbidity and mortality by DM status.Material and methodsComprehensive searches used multiple publication databases containing reports published between 01/01/2000 and 04/21/2021. Two authors independently evaluated included studies for quality and risk of bias using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist for cohort and Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) critical appraisal sheet for cross-sectional studies, while a third author arbitrated decisions to resolve disagreements.ResultsThirteen studies met the inclusion criteria: eight cross-sectional and five cohort. Qualitative review...

Supporting the Spectrum Scholarship Program: perspectives from the Northern California and Nevada Medical Library Group

Tue, 17 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000
The immediate past presidents and current president of the Northern California and Nevada Medical Library Group write to raise awareness of the American Library Association Spectrum Scholarship Program, share their approach to supporting Scholars in their region, and encourage Medical Library Association (MLA) chapters and MLA at large to build stronger infrastructures to support Black, Indigenous, and People of Color librarians who are in school and recently graduated.

Summary of second annual MCBK public meeting: Mobilizing Computable Biomedical Knowledge—A movement to accelerate translation of knowledge into action

Wed, 11 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000
The volume of biomedical knowledge is growing exponentially and much of this knowledge is represented in computer executable formats, such as models, algorithms and programmatic code. There is a growing need to apply this knowledge to improve health in Learning Health Systems, health delivery organizations, and other settings. However, most organizations do not yet have the infrastructure required to consume and apply computable knowledge, and national policies and standards adoption are not sufficient to ensure that it is discoverable and used safely and fairly, nor is there widespread experience in the process of knowledge implementation as clinical decision support. The Mobilizing Computable Biomedical Knowledge (MCBK) community formed in 2016 to address these needs. This report summarizes the main outputs of the Second Annual MCBK public meeting, which was held at the National Institutes of Health on July 18-19, 2019 and brought together over 150 participants from various...

Summary of third annual MCBK public meeting: Mobilizing computable biomedical knowledge—Accelerating the second knowledge revolution

Wed, 11 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000
The volume of biomedical knowledge is growing exponentially and much of this knowledge is represented in computer executable formats, such as models, algorithms, and programmatic code. There is a growing need to apply this knowledge to improve health in Learning Health Systems, health delivery organizations, and other settings. However, most organizations do not yet have the infrastructure required to consume and apply computable knowledge, and national policies and standards adoption are not sufficient to ensure that it is discoverable and used safely and fairly, nor is there widespread experience in the process of knowledge implementation as clinical decision support. The Mobilizing Computable Biomedical Knowledge (MCBK) community was formed in 2016 to address these needs. This report summarizes the main outputs of the third annual MCBK public meeting, which was held virtually from June 30 to July 1, 2020 and brought together over 200 participants from various domains to frame...

Development of a Consensus-Based Definition of Focused Assessment With Sonography for Trauma in Children

Tue, 3 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Development of a Consensus-Based Definition of Focused Assessment With Sonography for Trauma in Children

Tipping the Scales Toward Equity Equilibrium

Tue, 3 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000
A third year medical student shares his approach for translating personal experiences with racial bias into teaching moments that enrich the learning environment.

Responding to the Needs of Persons Living With Dementia and Their Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons From the Care Ecosystem

Mon, 25 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Responding to the Needs of Persons Living With Dementia and Their Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons From the Care Ecosystem

Analyzing Precision Medicine Utilization with Real-World Data: A Scoping Review

Mon, 25 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Analyzing Precision Medicine Utilization with Real-World Data: A Scoping Review

Emergency department antimicrobial use in a low-resource setting: results from a retrospective observational study at a referral hospital in Liberia

Mon, 25 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Emergency department antimicrobial use in a low-resource setting: results from a retrospective observational study at a referral hospital in Liberia

Primary care gap: factors associated with persistent lack of primary care after hospitalisation

Mon, 25 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Primary care gap: factors associated with persistent lack of primary care after hospitalisation

Left Ventricle Biomechanics of Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis: A Patient-Specific Computational Model

Mon, 25 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Left Ventricle Biomechanics of Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis: A Patient-Specific Computational Model

Transepidermal water loss (TEWL): Environment and pollution-- A systematic review

Mon, 25 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Transepidermal water loss (TEWL): Environment and pollution-- A systematic review

Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis within the sellar region: illustrative case

Tue, 19 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis within the sellar region: illustrative case

Racial and Socioeconomic Differences in Distance Traveled for Elective Hip Arthroplasty

Wed, 13 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Racial and Socioeconomic Differences in Distance Traveled for Elective Hip Arthroplasty

Addressing health disparities through implementation science - a need to integrate an equity lens from the outset

Wed, 13 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Addressing health disparities through implementation science - a need to integrate an equity lens from the outset

Joint Associations of Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status With Mortality in the Multiethnic Cohort Study

Wed, 13 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Joint Associations of Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status With Mortality in the Multiethnic Cohort Study

Do private providers give patients what they demand, even if it is inappropriate? A randomised study using unannounced standardised patients in Kenya

Tue, 12 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Do private providers give patients what they demand, even if it is inappropriate? A randomised study using unannounced standardised patients in Kenya

Risk factor targeting for vaccine prioritization during the COVID-19 pandemic

Tue, 12 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Risk factor targeting for vaccine prioritization during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abortion Stigma and Its Relationship with Grief, Post-traumatic Stress, and Mental Health-Related Quality of Life After Abortion for Fetal Anomalies

Tue, 12 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Abortion Stigma and Its Relationship with Grief, Post-traumatic Stress, and Mental Health-Related Quality of Life After Abortion for Fetal Anomalies

Rates of readmission and reoperation following pelvic osteotomy in adolescent patients: a database study evaluating the pediatric health information system

Mon, 11 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Rates of readmission and reoperation following pelvic osteotomy in adolescent patients: a database study evaluating the pediatric health information system

Fertility preservation in transgender men without discontinuation of testosterone

Mon, 11 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Fertility preservation in transgender men without discontinuation of testosterone

Hemorrhagic vestibular schwannoma: a case example of vestibular apoplexy syndrome. Illustrative case

Mon, 11 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Hemorrhagic vestibular schwannoma: a case example of vestibular apoplexy syndrome. Illustrative case

Functional Outcomes and Morbidity in Pediatric Sepsis Survivors: A Tanzanian Experience

Thu, 31 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Functional Outcomes and Morbidity in Pediatric Sepsis Survivors: A Tanzanian Experience

Optimizing quality of care in patients admitted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation

Thu, 31 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Optimizing quality of care in patients admitted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation

Use and diagnostic value of liver enzyme tests in the emergency department and subsequent heart failure diagnosis: a retrospective cohort study

Thu, 31 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Use and diagnostic value of liver enzyme tests in the emergency department and subsequent heart failure diagnosis: a retrospective cohort study

Transient Hyperkalemia Following Treatment of Chronic Hypokalemia: A Case Report and Review of Distal Tubule Physiology

Thu, 31 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Transient Hyperkalemia Following Treatment of Chronic Hypokalemia: A Case Report and Review of Distal Tubule Physiology

Burst Suppression During General Anesthesia and Postoperative Outcomes: Mini Review

Thu, 31 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Burst Suppression During General Anesthesia and Postoperative Outcomes: Mini Review

Is positron emission tomography enough to rule out cardiac sarcoidosis? A case report.

Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is associated with poor prognosis, yet the clinical diagnosis is often challenging. Advanced cardiac imaging including cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and positron emission tomographic (PET) have emerged as useful modalities to diagnose CS.
A 66-year-old woman presented with palpitations. A 24-h Holter monitor detected a high premature ventricular contraction burden of 25.6%. She underwent two transthoracic echocardiograms; both showed normal results. Stress perfusion CMR did not show any evidence of ischaemic aetiology; however, myocardial lesions detected by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging raised suspicion for CS. While there was no myocardial uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in subsequent cardiac PET, high FDG uptake was seen in hilar lymph nodes. Lymph node biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.
Cardiac magnetic resonance and PET imaging are designed to evaluate different aspects CS pathophysiology. The characteristic...

Barriers and Facilitators to Integrating Clinical Breast Examinations With Cervical Cancer Screening Programs in Outpatient Clinics in Western Kenya

Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Barriers and Facilitators to Integrating Clinical Breast Examinations With Cervical Cancer Screening Programs in Outpatient Clinics in Western Kenya

Superior Long-term Appearance of Strip Craniectomy Compared with Cranial Vault Reconstruction in Metopic Craniosynostosis

Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Superior Long-term Appearance of Strip Craniectomy Compared with Cranial Vault Reconstruction in Metopic Craniosynostosis

Machine Learning Prediction of Liver Allograft Utilization From Deceased Organ Donors Using the National Donor Management Goals Registry

Wed, 23 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Early prediction of whether a liver allograft will be utilized for transplantation may allow better resource deployment during donor management and improve organ allocation. The national donor management goals (DMG) registry contains critical care data collected during donor management. We developed a machine learning model to predict transplantation of a liver graft based on data from the DMG registry. METHODS: Several machine learning classifiers were trained to predict transplantation of a liver graft. We utilized 127 variables available in the DMG dataset. We included data from potential deceased organ donors between April 2012 and January 2019. The outcome was defined as liver recovery for transplantation in the operating room. The prediction was made based on data available 12-18 h after the time of authorization for transplantation. The data were randomly separated into training (60%), validation (20%), and test sets (20%). We compared the performance of our models to the...

Emergency general surgery utilization and disparities during COVID-19: an interrupted time-series analysis

Wed, 23 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0000
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare general surgery emergency (GSE) volume, demographics and disease severity before and during COVID-19. BACKGROUND: Presentations to the emergency department (ED) for GSEs fell during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Barriers to accessing care may be heightened, especially for vulnerable populations, and patients delaying care raises public health concerns. METHODS: We included adult patients with ED presentations for potential GSEs at a single quaternary-care hospital from January 2018 to August 2020. To compare GSE volumes in total and by subgroup, an interrupted time-series analysis was performed using the March shelter-in-place order as the start of the COVID-19 period. Bivariate analysis was used to compare demographics and disease severity. RESULTS: 3255 patients (28/week) presented with potential GSEs before COVID-19, while 546 (23/week) presented during COVID-19. When shelter-in-place started, presentations fell by 8.7/week (31%) from the previous...

Compression Therapy for HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma Leg Lymphedema: Results of the Kenyan Improvised Compression for Kaposi Sarcoma Randomized Controlled Trial

Mon, 28 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Compression Therapy for HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma Leg Lymphedema: Results of the Kenyan Improvised Compression for Kaposi Sarcoma Randomized Controlled Trial

Self-reported provision of person-centred maternity care among providers in Kenya and Ghana: scale validation and examination of associated factors

Fri, 25 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Self-reported provision of person-centred maternity care among providers in Kenya and Ghana: scale validation and examination of associated factors

Turmeric-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Report of 2 Cases

Fri, 25 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Turmeric-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Report of 2 Cases

Odds of return: a prospective study using provider assessment to predict short-term patient return visits to the emergency department

Thu, 24 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Odds of return: a prospective study using provider assessment to predict short-term patient return visits to the emergency department

Mycobacterium Avium Complex Infection as a Rare Cause of Cerebral Mass Lesion and IRIS in a Patient with AIDS: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Thu, 24 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000
Mycobacterium Avium Complex Infection as a Rare Cause of Cerebral Mass Lesion and IRIS in a Patient with AIDS: Case Report and Review of the Literature

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Survival outcomes in pediatric recurrent high-grade glioma: results of a 20-year systematic review and meta-analysis

Navigation programs relevant for African American men with prostate cancer: a scoping review protocol

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Earlier initiation of palliative care in the disease trajectory of people living with dementia: a scoping review protocol

Cost-Effectiveness of Immunotherapy Treatments for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

Examining reporting and representation of patients with cancer in COVID‐19 clinical trials

Background

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Diagnosis, Staging, Radiation Treatment Response Assessment, and Outcome Prognostication of Head and Neck Cancers Using PET Imaging A Systematic Review

The significance of surgically modifying soft tissue phenotype around fixed dental prostheses: An American Academy of Periodontology best evidence review

Three-dimensional morphologic changes in the temporomandibular joint in asymptomatic patients who undergo orthodontic treatment: A systematic review

Characteristics of COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections among Vaccinated Individuals and Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review

Ecological systems in relation to Latinx youth in the juvenile justice system: A narrative literature review

Association of tooth loss with morbidity and mortality by diabetes status in older adults: a systematic review

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Summary of second annual MCBK public meeting: Mobilizing Computable Biomedical Knowledge—A movement to accelerate translation of knowledge into action

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Emergency department antimicrobial use in a low-resource setting: results from a retrospective observational study at a referral hospital in Liberia

Primary care gap: factors associated with persistent lack of primary care after hospitalisation