http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/ucsd/rss Recent eScholarship items from UC San Diego Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:28 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jm325xg In Part I, we provide an explicit version of the Eichler–Selberg trace formula for Shimura curves with level structure over the rationals. As an application, we provide an algorithm to compute the isogeny decomposition of the Jacobian of Shimura curves into modular abelian varieties using the method that Rouse–Sutherland–Zureick-Brown developed for classical modular curves. We also give a trace formula for definite quaternionic modular forms over the rationals.In Part II, we compile a complete list of isomorphism class representatives of curves of genus 6 over F2. We use explicit descriptions of canonical curves in each stratum of the Brill–Noether stratification of the moduli space M6, due to Mukai in the generic case. Our computed value of #M6(F2) agrees with the Lefschetz trace formula as recently computed by Bergstrom–Canning–Petersen–Schmitt. We also report progress on compiling a corresponding list in genus 7 over F2 (for which explicit descriptions of canonical curves in... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jm325xg Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Huang, Yongyuan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/98n8k31d Canadian Tuxedo is a collection of five new pieces for incomplete clarinets played in pairs. Each piece utilizes a unique pairing of incomplete clarinets and explores its idiomatic musical potential. The author explored the properties of incomplete clarinets through two primary modes of inquiry. One mode was as a musician through playing on incomplete clarinets and documenting their possible sounds in terms of musical notation. The other mode was as a researcher through analyzing the acoustic impedance of various complete and incomplete clarinet fingerings alongside spectra of recorded sound samples performed using these same fingerings. Both of these modes of inquiry have informed the author’s creative practice by revealing the unique ways that each incomplete clarinet can be used. The author applied these discoveries in her latest musical composition Canadian Tuxedo. This dissertation describes both the physical properties of incomplete clarinets versus the complete clarinet... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/98n8k31d Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Talaski, Grace https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7852t074 Early expressive language delay affects 10–20% of toddlers, yet its long-term meaning is uncertain: some children resolve to typical development while others develop persistent language delay, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or global developmental delay. This study examined three intake predictors (MCDI expressive vocabulary, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Socialization scores, and ADOS Social Affect total scores) as forecasters of preschool language outcomes and diagnostic group membership in 448 late-talking toddlers assessed at 18–24 months through the Get SET Early screening program at UC San Diego.Linear regression (Aim 1a; N=376) showed that all three predictors significantly forecast preschool Mullen Expressive and Receptive Language T-scores (all p&lt;0.001), with Vineland Socialization demonstrating the strongest associations (β=1.479 for EL; β=1.444 for RL). Adjusted logistic regression (Aim 1b) revealed Vineland Socialization as a strong predictor of ASD risk (OR=0.846,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7852t074 Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Iqbal, Shanzeh https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53f0h6j6 Immunotherapy has been a pillar of the renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment landscape for over three decades. Some of the earliest cancer immunotherapies available, such as interleukin 2 and interferon-alpha, have resulted in complete responses, but only in a small number of patients. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), however, have demonstrated improved response rates and prolonged survival for a greater number of patients, fully transforming the standard of care in first-line and subsequent-line settings. More recently, ICIs are also being used in the adjuvant setting for high-risk patients. However, treatment with ICIs requires a nuanced understanding of topics such as patient selection, histology and risk considerations, and integration with local therapies. As such, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a panel of experts to develop this clinical practice guideline (CPG) on immunotherapy for the treatment of RCC. Drawing from published data and clinical... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53f0h6j6 Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 McKay, Rana R Ajmera, Archana Atkins, Michael B Barata, Pedro C Bergerot, Cristiane Bukavina, Laura Choueiri, Toni K Desai, Arpita https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9159-2643 Hakimi, A Ari Poteat, Susan Powles, Thomas Rini, Brian I Shuch, Brian Signoretti, Sabina Siva, Shankar Xu, Wenxin Yip, Wesley Zhang, Tian Pal, Sumanta K https://escholarship.org/uc/item/50z6b8j4 This qualitative study delves into the lived experiences of 11 first-generation Latine students, illuminating how high school counselors can be powerful allies on the path to college. Guided by the Cultural Proficiency Framework, this research moves beyond statistics and deficit narratives to center student voices, bringing light to the moments of advocacy and encouragement that made all the difference. Drawing on rich interviews and asset-based analysis, the study uncovers how proactive guidance, trust-building, and the validation of cultural identity are critical for college readiness. When school counselors leverage the strengths of first-generation Latine students, incorporate cultural values, and dismantle systemic barriers, they help students navigate college and financial aid applications, rigorous coursework, and the emotional complexities of being the first in their families to pursue a college degree. At the same time, the findings expose inconsistencies: while some... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/50z6b8j4 Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ordonez, Ariana Michelle https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vn1x29j Background: Arab second-generation youth experience a higher prevalence of mental illness compared to their first-generation immigrant and White U.S. born counterparts. They also have low utilization of mental health services. Objective: This study aimed to measure the relationship between psychological distress, help-seeking attitudes, perceived barriers, and service utilization outcomes among this population. Methods: The survey collected demographic data, psychological distress through HSCL-10, service attitudes through ATSPPH, barriers to seeking help through BASH-B, and service utilization. Inclusion criteria were: 13-25 years of age, identify as Arab, born in the U.S., and have at least one foreign-born parent from the Western Asia region. Bivariate Fisher’s test and multivariable logistics regression analysis examined associations between demographic factors, high and low distress groups, help-seeking, and service utilization outcomes. Qualitative content analysis was conducted... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vn1x29j Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aljenabi, Raghad https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fj011mp ObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters derived from radiofrequency (RF) data acquired using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) devices for detecting hepatic steatosis. Given the high global prevalence of fatty liver disease and limitations of conventional imaging, there is a need for accessible, cost-effective, and quantitative diagnostic tools. This study assesses whether RF-based QUS parameters can reliably differentiate steatosis status and function as imaging biomarkers in point-of-care settings, while also evaluating feasibility in resource-limited environments with minimally trained operators.MethodsB-mode and RF data were collected from participants undergoing liver ultrasound using a Clarius C3HD POCUS system in international, field-based settings. Spectral QUS parameters—midband fit (MBF), spectral intercept (SI), and spectral slope (SS)—were computed from RF data. Regions of interest (ROIs) were sampled at multiple depths (high,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fj011mp Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Premack, Nolan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2rr2n2vj Black undergraduate students at Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs) navigate academic and social environments shaped by systemic exclusion and limited cultural affirmation. This qualitative study examines how Black students cultivate communal resilience and construct belonging within these contexts. Guided by the Culturally Grounded Communal Resilience Model (CGCRM)—a six-domain framework of identity ignition, mirroring, grounding, regulation, validation, and embodiment—this study explores how cultural identity, relationships, and community-based resources shape students’ experiences. Using a phenomenological and narrative inquiry design, this study will collect data through interviews, reflective journals, analytic memos, field observations, and member checking with Black undergraduate students at a pseudonymous PWI. The study conceptualizes communal resilience as a culturally mediated, relational process activated through cultural proximity, emotional grounding, peer affirmation,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2rr2n2vj Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Dawson Jr, Dereice Cyril https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ds7248p Recent attacks have shown that authenticated-encryption schemes can fail to bind ciphertexts to the contexts under which they were generated, motivating the study of committing authenticated encryption. Among the approaches for adding commitment, generic transforms are especially attractive in the short term because they can be applied to existing authenticated-encryption schemes without redesigning each scheme individually. However, existing empirical evaluations of such transforms either target lower committing-security levels or compare only a narrower set of constructions, leaving open how recent generic transforms behave when instantiated for 128-bit committing security. This thesis provides a comprehensive performance evaluation of generic committing-AE transforms at the 128-bit committing-security level. We study both UNAE-preserving and MRAE-preserving transforms, describe concrete 128-bit instantiations, and benchmark them using AES-256-GCM and AES-256-GCM-SIV as representative... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ds7248p Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Pai, Rohit Rajaram https://escholarship.org/uc/item/04d0q510 In Chapter 1, we consider how, as artificial intelligence (AI) becomes embedded in high stakes domains, public trust has emerged as a critical design challenge. Even in systems with strong safety records, users often experience discomfort when human oversight is not explicitly communicated, perceivable, or salient. Chapter 1 presents a framework for trust-enhancing interventions in human-AI collaboration, grounded in theories of situational trust and social cognition. Across five studies (N ≈ 6,500) in the context of commercial aviation and robotic assisted surgery, we replicate the phenomenon of automation aversion: a measurable decline in&nbsp; perceived safety when automation replaces visible human control. Crucially, we demonstrate that highlighting the automation’s roles within a collaborative team, rather than as a standalone system, restores trust without altering system behavior. This effect is mediated by perceived human attentiveness, a social cue that signals engagement... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/04d0q510 Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wynns, Paul https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6dz1t44g This paper addresses the question of how people determine the value of effortful activity. We apply a motivational framework, according to which value derives from the extent to which actions serve goals. Using this general instrumentality principle, we argue that effort is valued to the extent it contributes to goal progress and is appropriately calibrated. We then discuss how the “calibrated effort is good” principle is qualified by four factors: knowledge about what it takes to achieve a goal, the intrinsic value of effortful activity, the presence of additional goals, and the feasibility of goal attainment. Next, we apply these insights to explain the value of metacognitive effort (fluency), which accompanies the pursuit of epistemic (belief-related) goals. Finally, we distinguish between value and valence, arguing that difficulty can simultaneously (though not always) reduce immediate hedonic experience (valence) while still being valued due to its usefulness to long-term... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6dz1t44g Fri, 19 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Winkielman, Piotr https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2330-1802 Jasko, Katarzyna https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vh167n8 The embodied simulation approach predicts that restricting facial movements disrupts emotion recognition. Such effects have been reported for facial and whole-body emotional expressions, but findings remain inconsistent, and it is unclear whether they generalize to emotional sounds. Previous work has also shown that restricting mimicry induces a positivity bias in valence ratings, consistent with the facial feedback hypothesis. Here, we tested whether restricting facial mimicry impairs recognition of emotional sounds across four emotion categories in a forced-choice task and whether it affects valence and arousal ratings. Drawing on previous findings indicating that vocal emotional expressions elicit facial mimicry, whereas instrumental emotional sounds do not, we expected to find an effect only for the former. Instrumental sounds were recognized less accurately and more slowly than vocalizations, particularly for negative and neutral expressions. Crucially, both frequentist and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vh167n8 Fri, 19 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wołoszyn, Kinga Hohol, Mateusz Winkielman, Piotr https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2330-1802 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dt9x04r <h4>Background</h4>Despite progress in cancer therapeutics, there remains an unmet need for treatment of advanced solid tumors. The cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway plays a pivotal role in innate antitumor immunity processes. IMSA101 is a small molecule analog of cGAMP and a potent STING agonist. Preclinical studies demonstrate antitumor activity of IMSA101 alone and in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).<h4>Methods</h4>IMSA101-101 was an open-label, multicenter, phase 1 first-in-human dose-escalation study to establish a recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of IMSA101 both as monotherapy and in combination with a programmed death ligand 1 (PD-(L)1)-ICI. Secondary objectives were to evaluate safety, tolerability and antitumor activity, and to characterize pharmacokinetics. Adult patients with advanced solid tumors with ≥2 Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors evaluable lesions, at least one of these suitable for injection, were enrolled. IMSA101 was administered by... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dt9x04r Fri, 19 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Jacoby, Jay Mahalingam, Deva Alistar, Angela Garmey, Edward Kazmi, Syed Mooneyham, Teresa Sun, Lijun Yap, Timothy Vu, Peter Moser, Justin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9x54w7h2 <p> <strong>Issues Addressed/Background</strong> </p><p>Patients with suspected malignancy are routinely admitted inpatient for diagnostic evaluation for urgent but not emergent workups, utilizing limited inpatient resources. We wondered if some of these workups could be managed outpatient in a timely manner with the right infrastructure. Conventional oncology referral pathways follow a consultation-first sequence; ie patients are seen, then tested, then redirected, which delays diagnosis and consumes limited clinic capacity. The UCSD Suspicion of Cancer (SoC) clinic was designed around an inverted model: physician-led triage occurs right at referral, testing is coordinated before the first visit, and patients who can be safely redirected to disease-specific teams never need an SoC appointment. This report describes operational outcomes over the first four months following clinic launch in December 2025.</p><p> <strong>Description of the Project</strong> </p><p>The SoC clinic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9x54w7h2 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Patel, Tulsi Chau, Spencer Ajmera, Archana McLaughlin, Danielle Siepelmeyer, Lauren Kane, Shelly Hamdan, Ayad Coyne, Christopher Vu, Peter https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wm3q63b BACKGROUND: In a recent coordinated meta-analysis of neuroimaging data, we reported gray matter (GM) alterations in acutely underweight patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Here, we extend these findings by examining individual variation in brain structure within AN, individual-level differentiation between AN and healthy controls (HC), and differences between AN subtypes, with potential relevance for understanding clinical heterogeneity. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We analyzed individual-level data from 11 international sites in the ENIGMA Eating Disorders Working Group, including 570 female participants with AN and 739 HC. We examined cortical thickness, cortical surface area and subcortical volumes in AN versus HC using three complementary approaches: (i) group-level differences in a mega-analysis correcting for age effects, (ii) frequencies of extreme deviations (infra-/supranormal; z &lt; -1.96/z &gt; 1.96) based on normative reference models by the CentileBrain Initiative, and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wm3q63b Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bernardoni, Fabio Arold, Dominic Schoppik, Luis Bahnsen, Klaas Ge, Ruiyang Moreau, Clara Bang, Lasse D'Agata, Federico Abbate-Daga, Giovanni Tamnes, Christian K Campbell, Iain O'Daly, Owen Schmidt, Ulrike Frank, Guido https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6590-3441 Horndasch, Stefanie Hess, Andreas Dörfler, Arnd Friederich, Hans-Christoph Simon, Joe Favaro, Angela Lavagnino, Luca Wierenga, Christina E Bischoff-Grethe, Amanda https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5525-3994 Miles, Amy E Kaplan, Allan Voineskos, Aristotle Smeets, Paul AM van Elburg, Annemarie A Danner, Unna Thomopoulos, Sophia I Berner, Laura Jahanshad, Neda Frangou, Sophia King, Joseph A Thompson, Paul Ehrlich, Stefan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9r83w1p6 We use administrative records on the universe of Danish households to characterize survivors’ mental health following their spouse’s death. We provide visually clear evidence for the immediate, large, and lingering adverse impacts and focus on studying the role of income security in driving the immediate effects. We find that, for both males and females, a large share of the spike in the take-up of mental health medication upon spousal death can be explained by the income loss imposed by the shock. Our results imply that safety net policies can improve survivors’ mental health via the immediate liquidity they provide. (JEL D12, D91, G51, H55, I12, I38, J16) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9r83w1p6 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fadlon, Itzik https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1679-6149 Fugleholm, Astrid Sophie Nielsen, Torben Heien https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qt914fx The ileal loops are anatomical location for the majority of congenital anomalies affecting the gastrointestinal tract. These include Meckel’s diverticulum, ileal duplication, dysgenesis, atresia, mucosal diaphragm, and malposition of the ileum. Symptomatic lesions that often present with abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction or bleeding are usually diagnosed and treated during infancy and childhood. However, many of these congenital conditions may remain clinically silent and detected incidentally in adults undergoing radiological evaluation for unrelated medical reasons. This article presents the spectrum of the congenital ileal anomalies and their distinct features on small bowel examination and CT of the abdomen. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qt914fx Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hm3g2q7 Restriction Trees for Sparsity and Applications https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hm3g2q7 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chattopadhyay, Arkadev https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3110-3584 Dahiya, Yogesh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7338-1762 Lovett, Shachar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-1443 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ct2x43x Hemolytic anemias are characterized by chronic intravascular hemolysis, leading to sustained release of acellular hemoglobin (Hb). Circulating Hb scavenges nitric oxide, releases redox-active heme, and promotes oxidative and inflammatory injury, contributing to progressive cardiac and renal dysfunction. Despite the known cardiopulmonary and renal complications in hemolytic disorders, the direct mechanisms of Hb-mediated injury and the influence of sex as a biological variable remain partially understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic Hb exposure on cardiac and renal function in male and female mice. Animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of acellular Hb (320 mg/kg) for six weeks. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography, renal function by transdermal glomerular filtration rate, and tissue injury biomarkers were quantified by ELISA. Mitochondrial respiratory function was also assessed in cardiac and renal tissues. Chronic Hb exposure... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ct2x43x Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lucas, Daniela Munoz, Carlos Palmer, Andre F Cabrales, Pedro https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bh0f0dw Limy Bile Syndrome https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bh0f0dw Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93w5x62b The original article was published with incorrect funding information. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93w5x62b Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 MacPherson, Heather A Kudinova, Anastacia Y Schettini, Elana Jenkins, Gracie A Gilbert, Anna C Thomas, Sarah A Kim, Kerri L Radoeva, Petya D Fenerci, Rebecca L Babcock Yen, Shirley Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Hunt, Jeffrey Keller, Martin B Dickstein, Daniel P https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8q20b604 Objectives: To build a one-year risk calculator (RC) to predict individualized risk for suicide attempt in early-onset bipolar disorder. Methods: Youth numbering 394 with bipolar disorder who completed ≥2 follow-up assessments (median follow-up length = 13.1 years) in the longitudinal Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) study were included. Suicide attempt over follow-up was assessed via the A-LIFE Self-Injurious/Suicidal Behavior scale. Predictors from the literature on suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder that are readily assessed in clinical practice were selected and trichotomized as appropriate (presence past 6 months/lifetime history only/no lifetime history). The RC was trained via boosted multinomial classification trees; predictions were calibrated via Platt scaling. Half of the sample was used to train, and the other half to independently test the RC. Results: There were 249 suicide attempts among 106 individuals. Ten predictors accounted for &gt;90% of the cross-validated... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8q20b604 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Goldstein, Tina R Merranko, John Hafeman, Danella Gill, Mary Kay Liao, Fangzi Sewall, Craig Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Weinstock, Lauren Yen, Shirley Goldstein, Benjamin Keller, Martin Strober, Michael Ryan, Neal Birmaher, Boris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kr5p9fj BACKGROUND: The ability to predict an individual's risk of mood episode recurrence can facilitate personalized medicine in bipolar disorder (BD). We sought to externally validate, in an adult sample, a risk calculator of mood episode recurrence developed in youth/young adults with BD from the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) study. METHODS: Adult participants from the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Depression Study (CDS; N=258; mean(SD) age=35.5(12.0) years; mean follow-up=24.9 years) were utilized as a sample to validate the youth COBY risk calculator for onset of depressive, manic, or any mood episodes. RESULTS: In this older validation sample, the risk calculator predicted recurrence of any episode over 1, 2, 3, or 5-year follow-up intervals, with Area Under the Curves (AUCs) approximating 0.77. The AUC for prediction of depressive episodes was about 0.81 for each of the time windows, which was higher than for manic or hypomanic episodes (AUC=0.72).... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kr5p9fj Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fiedorowicz, Jess G Merranko, John A Iyengar, Satish Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Gill, Mary Kay Yen, Shirley Goldstein, Tina R Strober, Michael Hafeman, Danella Keller, Martin B Goldstein, Benjamin I Diler, Rasim S Hunt, Jeffrey I Birmaher, Boris B https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fj3s9mf The smooth muscles of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and skeletal muscles of the crural diaphragm (CD) provide a closure/antireflux barrier mechanism at the esophago-gastric junction (EGJ). A number of questions in regard to the pressure profile of the LES and CD remain unclear, e.g., <i>1</i>) Why is the LES pressure profile circumferentially asymmetric, <i>2</i>) Is the crural diaphragm (CD) contraction also circumferentially asymmetric, and <i>3</i>) Where is the LES and CD pressure profile located in the anatomy of the esophagus and stomach? The three-dimensional (3-D) high-resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) catheter can record a detailed profile of the EGJ pressure; however, it does not allow the determination of the circumferential orientation of individual pressure transducers in vivo. We used computed tomography (CT) scan imaging in combination with 3-D EGJ pressure recordings to determine the functional morphology of the LES and CD and its relationship to the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fj3s9mf Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Mittal, Ravinder K Zifan, Ali Kumar, Dushyant Ledgerwood-Lee, Melissa Ruppert, Erika Ghahremani, Gary https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8949q1j5 6.20 The Effect of Traumatic Events on the Longitudinal Course of Youth With Bipolar Disorder https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8949q1j5 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Pascual, Maria Andreu Levenson, Jessica C Goldstein, Tina R Gill, Mary Kay Merranko, John Axelson, David Goldstein, Benjamin I Hower, Heather Meg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Yen, Shirley Birmaher, Boris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84g86486 Abstract Introduction: Hypogammaglobulinemia is common in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Per consensus guidelines, Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) prophylaxis is generally reserved for patients who have had recurrent, serious infections (e.g., those requiring IV antibiotics or hospitalization) and who also have serum IgG &lt; 500 mg/dL. While prior studies demonstrated reduced infections with IVIG without survival benefit, these were conducted prior to the era of contemporary CLL therapies. We conducted an analysis of infectious outcomes in CLL patients who received IVIG between 2005 and 2022. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of CLL patients at a single institution. Patients who consented to CLL research were identified based on receipt of IVIG. Patients were excluded if they received IVIG for alternative indications (e.g., autoimmune hemolytic anemia). Infection frequency and severity were assessed during the year prior to and the year following... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84g86486 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Shah, Nirja Patel, Tulsi Kipps, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Choi, Michael https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7tg5z4wf Abstract Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-associated hypogammaglobulinemia is well-established. A degree of humoral immune reconstitution has been reported after ibrutinib and after venetoclax plus rituximab (Ven + R). We assessed improvement in immunoglobulin levels after different Ven-based treatments, including Ven monotherapy, combinations with rituximab or obinutuzumab (Ven + O), and combination with ibrutinib (Ven + I). Methods: Patients with CLL who received treatment with Ven at our single center during the years 2012-2024 were evaluated in this retrospective chart review analysis. Recurrent courses of Ven were each considered discretely. Patients were excluded from analysis if they did not have at least 1 quantitative immunoglobulin measurement both within 1 year prior to Ven initiation and post-treatment. Patients with a paraprotein were excluded from analysis of that Ig class. Patients who received IVIG were excluded from IgG analysis. Data were extracted... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7tg5z4wf Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Patel, Tulsi Shah, Nirja Heyman, Benjamin Kipps, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Choi, Michael https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7q0784fm <p><strong>题名级元数据与电子资源的发现 Why PIE-J &amp; KBART Matter? Title Level Metadata and E-Resources Discovery.</strong>&nbsp;A presentation co-authored by Bie-hwa Ma, Shi Deng, and Susan Xue, and presented in Chinese by Bie-hwa Ma on July 12 at 2016 International Conference on Chinese Digital Publishing and Digital Libraries (July 11-12, 2016)&nbsp;organized and hosted&nbsp;by CNKI.&nbsp;</p><p>出版界和图书馆界的一个共同的目标是服务读者。出版界和图书馆长期以来依靠书目信息帮助读者查找利用所需资源从事各领域的教研活动。随着近年来数字出版的快速发展，书目信息中的元数据变得越来越重要，它关系到出版的数字资源是否能被充分发现和利用。出版社和内容数据库商利用书目元数据提供数据包的题名列表和数字资源网站的展示，辅助服务商如链接解析器服务商、发现系统商利用书目元数据提供OpenURL或其他链接助推检索和开放发现，图书馆利用书目元数据进行数字资源管理、编目与资源发现。所有这些努力，使得读者可以从各种不同渠道检索访问图书馆数字资源。因此，提供全面、准确及不断更新的高质量的书目元数据是数字资源被成功发现利用的关键。数字内容供应商应该把做好高质量的元数据作为未来数字出版的战略之一。出版的数字资源内容只有被充分发现和利用才能体现其最高的市场价值和图书馆的投资回报率。此演讲探讨题名级元数据对读者能否成功发现所需资源的作用与影响，建议采用美国国家信息标准组织出版的相关元数据标准与规范PIE-J和KBART，以及介绍北美东亚图书馆和国内高校图书馆的合作项目。希望借此机会能够和国内出版社、内容数据库商以及相关服务商开展更多的合作，借鉴美国先进的元数据标准规范，发展符合中国特色的元数据标准规范，以提供高质量的元数据，进而促进中文数字资源的成功发现和利用。</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Publishers... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7q0784fm Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ma, Bie-hwa Deng, Shi Xue, Susan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dd9s87x The combustion of fossil fuels is currently causing rapid rates of ocean warming and acidification worldwide. Projected changes in these parameters have been repeatedly observed to stress the physiological limits and plasticity of many marine species from the molecular to organismal levels. High latitude oceans are among the fastest changing ecosystems; therefore, polar species are projected to be some of the most vulnerable to climate change. Antarctic species are particularly sensitive to environmental change, having evolved for millions of years under stable ocean conditions. Otoliths, calcified structures found in a fish’s inner ear used to sense movement and direction, have been shown to be affected by both warming and CO2-acidified seawater in temperate and tropical fishes but there is no work to date on Antarctic fishes. In this study, juvenile emerald rockcod (Trematomus bernacchii) were exposed to projected seawater warming and CO2-acidification for the year 2100 over... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dd9s87x Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Naslund, Andrew W https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-9702 Davis, Brittany E Hobbs, James A Fangue, Nann A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5419-0282 Todgham, Anne E https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1439-6985 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7493374w BackgroundIntravenous self-administration (IVSA) of opioids by rats has been shown frequently to exhibit no sex differences, in many cases a higher intake of females, and only rarely higher rates in males. A diversity of methodological parameters (opioid identity, training doses, rat strain, session duration) makes it difficult to identify consistent contributions to these outcomes.ObjectiveTo determine if Heterogeneous Stock (HS) rats derived from 8 founder strains differ by sex in the IVSA of opioids.MethodsMale and female Heterogeneous Stock (N = 7–8 per sex) rats were permitted to self-administer heroin (20&nbsp;µg/kg/infusion) in 2&nbsp;h sessions under a Fixed Ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement. After acquisition, animals completed sessions in which different infusion doses of heroin (0, 15, 30, 60, 120&nbsp;µg/kg/infusion), oxycodone (0, 30, 60, 150, 300&nbsp;µg/kg/infusion) and fentanyl (0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0&nbsp;µg/kg/infusion) were assessed. Next, animals were evaluated... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7493374w Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Taffe, Michael A Mehl, Sydney L Rahman, Sara RMU Grant, Yanabel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71t730vt The properitoneal fat pad is a distinctive anatomical structure located in the midline of anterior abdominal wall between the transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum. It has variable size and configuration depending on the gender and nutritional status of individuals, but CT and MR images of the upper abdomen can readily depict its shape and adipose composition. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate the CT and MRI features of normal properitoneal fat pad, and the spectrum of pathological processes that affect it among patients. This information can be relevant to the practicing radiologists and clinicians for the correct diagnosis and management of such conditions because most lesions of this fat pad produce nonspecific symptoms. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71t730vt Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rn7083q Domestic cats (Felis catus) are understudied regarding how commercial diets impact their gut microbiomes. Here, we reanalyzed the 16S rRNA gene (V4) amplicon sequencing Kittybiome dataset, using new tools and techniques. Results demonstrated significant microbial composition differences between cats eating commercial dry kibble diets and those eating canned wet food. Kibble-fed cats showed enriched Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, and Megamonas amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs), linked to carbohydrate metabolism and metabolic disease. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rn7083q Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Allaband, Celeste https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1832-4858 Ganz, Holly H Rojas, Connie A Knight, Rob https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6g07847v Demonstration of a very dense or hyper-attenuated liver on the pre-contrast CT images of the abdomen can be an unexpected finding. It may present as a diagnostic challenge if the underlying cause of it is not apparent from the provided clinical history. There are about 12 different pathologic conditions that are associated with deposition of radiopaque elements within the hepatic parenchyma, resulting in diffuse or multi-lobar hyperdense appearance of the liver on abdominal radiographs and CT. Most of them are drug-induced or iatrogenic in nature, while others are the sequelae of genetic disorders like thalassemia, Wilson's disease, and primary hemochromatosis. This pictorial essay will present the CT appearance and etiology of hyper-attenuated liver in various clinical entities. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6g07847v Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Hahn, Michael E Fishman, Elliot K https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6c96j3c6 3.5 Validation of the Youth Suicide Risk Calculator in an Adult Sample with Bipolar Disorder https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6c96j3c6 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fiedorowicz, Jess G Merranko, John A Goldstein, Tina R Iyengar, Satish Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Gill, Mary Kay Yen, Shirley Strober, Michael Hafeman, Danella M Keller, Martin B Goldstein, Benjamin I Diler, Rasim Somer Hunt, Jeffrey I Birmaher, Boris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/66p5g788 Abstract An autonomous Zooglider navigated across the California Current Front into low salinity, minty waters characteristic of the California Current proper in both summers of 2019 and 2021. Diving to 400 m depth, Zooglider transited another near‐surface frontal gradient somewhat inshore. These frontal gradients were generally associated with changes in intensity, size composition, and Diel Vertical Migration responses of acoustic backscatterers. They were also associated with pronounced changes in zooplankton community composition, as assessed by a shadowgraph imaging Zoocam. Zoocam detected a decline in concentrations of copepods, appendicularians, and marine snow in the offshore direction, and an overall shift in community structure to a higher proportion of carnivorous taxa (and, in 2019, of planktonic rhizaria). No taxon was consistently elevated at all the peak frontal gradients, but appendicularians, copepods, and rhizarians sometimes showed front‐related increases in... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/66p5g788 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gastauer, Sven Ohman, Mark D https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8136-3695 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6429f3p0 Locally Computable High Independence Hashing https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6429f3p0 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Dodis, Yevgeniy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-6318 Lovett, Shachar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-1443 Wichs, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4981-1643 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rb0g4kn Remarkable progress in the understanding of disease pathogenesis and treatment across hematologic malignancies has been achieved in the past two decades. Nevertheless, the reliable elimination of disease remains elusive for many cancers. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exemplifies the needs that must be addressed to close the gap between discovery science and remaining clinical challenges. In CLL, targeted therapies have substantially prolonged survival and enabled long-term disease control for many patients. However, curative outcomes remain exceptional, particularly in high-risk groups such as those with TP53 disruption, dual resistance to BTK and BCL2 inhibitors, or transformation to aggressive lymphoma. Recent insights into the interconnection between cancer and immunity have positioned CLL as a model example of cancer-associated immunodeficiency-a realization brought into sharp focus by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic where CLL patients were at extremely high-risk for infection... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rb0g4kn Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wu, Catherine J Caligaris-Cappio, Federico Chiorazzi, Nicholas Gribben, John G Hallek, Michael J Wierda, William G Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dm6304t To address the challenge of declining trust in American democracy in the wake of the 2020 presidential contest, election officials across the nation have undertaken innovative public information campaigns. Academic studies demonstrate that exposure to these messages can increase public confidence but do not show which types of messages are most effective. We report a set of three experimental studies that harness research–practice partnerships with these officials to vary one key aspect of an informational message while holding other features constant. The pre-registered experiments (accessible at: https://osf.io/y38sp; https://osf.io/fya69): (a) compare the impact of messages conveyed through earned versus paid media; (b) ask whether Americans are more responsive to messages from federal or from state election officials; (c) explore the impact of videos and static visuals. Taken together, this set of collaborative experiments demonstrates the unique opportunity that research–practice... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dm6304t Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Boudreau, Cheryl Gaudette, Jennifer https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-5970 Kousser, Thad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5489-5837 Hill, Seth J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3785-1533 Lockhart, Mackenzie Uribe, Laura https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cx0g4k4 9.1 PREDICTORS OF LONGITUDINAL PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTIONING IN YOUTH WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER TRANSITIONING TO ADULTS https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cx0g4k4 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hower, Heather Meg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cm4b6x4 Abstract BACKGROUND Whilst the broad clonal architecture of naturally progressing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been described, a comprehensive picture of how chemotherapy and targeted agents reshape that landscape is lacking. Here we integrate clone-specific growth kinetics with mutational profiles, transcriptomic subtypes, and CpG-methylation-based epigenetic classes to capture the multidimensional evolutionary responses of CLL under native conditions and during treatment. METHODS We previously reported a systematic whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis of 417 leukemia–germline pairs from 169 treatment-naïve patients ≥ 65 y (Karisani et al., Blood 2024). The treatment arm comprised 83 patients who received ibrutinib and 39 who received chlorambucil in the RESONATE-2 trial (NCT01722487). Forty-seven age-matched “watch-and-wait” patients from the CLL Research Consortium served as untreated controls. Peripheral-blood samples were collected at baseline and again ~300 d... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cm4b6x4 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Karisani, Negin Sud, Amit Li, Liang Gohil, Satyen Schlueter-Kuck, Kristy Zhu, Zhihan Rassenti, Laura Tran, Tuan Cheung, Leo Szafer-Glusman, Iliana Dean, James Chen, Guang Tsuji, Junko Palma, Marzia Månsson, Robert Kay, Neil Rai, Kanti Brown, Jennifer Gribben, John Byrd, John Neuberg, Donna Stewart, Chip Bozic, Ivana Kretzmer, Helene Kipps, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Getz, Gad Wu, Catherine https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5c36b3tn The REnal cancer consortium for Focused Investigation of Novel biomarkers and Expression (REFINE) consortium represents an important initiative in integrating clinical data with molecular sequencing in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with immunotherapy-based approaches. By leveraging real-world evidence and genomic analysis, this consortium aims to explore putative predictive biomarkers with the potential to inform personalized treatment strategies. Findings from the REFINE database may further contribute to our understanding of disease courses of immunotherapy-based approaches for various molecular subtypes of RCC, associations of race and ethnicity with RCC treatment and outcomes with representation of patient populations underrepresented in clinical trials, and optimizing treatment sequencing. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5c36b3tn Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Zhong, Jeffrey Jang, Albert Abuqayas, Bashar Basu, Arnab Benjamin, David J Bhatlapenumarthi, Vineel Bilen, Mehmet Asim Buch, Dhvani Chang, Mark Chin, Erica Darabi, Sourat Dhanikonda, Nagendra Ghatalia, Pooja Grigg, Claud M Grier, Abby L Jindal, Tanya Jung, Joannah Kilari, Deepak Kumar, Hamsa LS Lee, Suzanna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-4907 Neelands, Brittany Pandya, Chinmayi Pawelek, Jeff Staggers, Jaimee Yildirim, Ahmet Zakharia, Yousef Zarrabi, Kevin K Zimmerman, Michael Sledge, George Spetzler, David Elliott, Andrew McKay, Rana R Barata, Pedro C https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5718r5wc Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional ca-pabilities in generating text, images, and video content. However, as context length grows, the computational cost of attention increases quadratically with the number of tokens, presenting significant effi-ciency challenges. This paper presents an analysis of various Key-Value (KV) cache compression strategies, offering a comprehensive taxonomy that categorizes these methods by their underlying princi-ples and implementation techniques. Furthermore, we evaluate their impact on performance and inference latency, providing critical in-sights into their effectiveness. Our findings highlight the trade-offs involved in KV cache compression and its influence on handling long-context scenarios, paving the way for more efficient LLM implemen-tations. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5718r5wc Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Javidnia, Neusha Rouhani, Bita Darvish Koushanfar, Farinaz https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xh4m3fh Ingestion of eggshell in its natural form or as ground and powdered product has become a popular means of dietary calcium supplementation in adults. These substances appear as conspicuous radiopaque material within the gastrointestinal tract on radiographs or computed tomography of the abdomen. The ingested eggshell fragments are usually visible as curvilinear structures on profile view, whereas the ground or powdered eggshells appear as granular densities. This article illustrates the spectrum of findings that are observed following eggshell ingestion by patients undergoing radiological evaluation for various unrelated medical conditions. Potential complications of eggshell consumption are discussed, and two cases of intra-rectal egg insertion for palliative relief of pelvic pain are presented. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xh4m3fh Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Naimi, David R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t54x22b Erdheim-Chester Disease https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t54x22b Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Dorros, Stephen M Karow, David S https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t0006mp Sporadic mass strandings of the hydrozoan, <i>Velella velella</i>, along the US West Coast fascinate beachcombers and perplex oceanographers. <i>Velella</i> often arrive to the coast in the spring concurrent with a shift in onshore winds and after winters with warmer water temperatures. Understanding the factors that bring <i>Velella</i> to coastal waters provides new information about the ecological impacts of local and basin-scale environmental variability in the northeast Pacific. We summarize several compelling, non-exclusive hypotheses that could explain the recent increase in <i>Velella</i>, including increased population size, larger surface patches and enhanced coastward transport. We compiled a comprehensive dataset spanning planktonic larval to colonial adult life stages from 10 sources covering ~1900-2025. We highlight pulses of <i>Velella</i> and an unprecedented number of strandings and at-sea observations since 2014. We found that wind patterns in the central-east... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t0006mp Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Cimino, Megan A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1715-2903 Conroy, John A Gasbarro, Ryan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1719-7132 Jacox, Michael G Hoover, Brian Santora, Jarrod A Palance, Danial G Nazario, Emily C Schroeder, Isaac https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8425-4152 Schonfeld, Adena Cluett, Allison Pozo Buil, Mercedes Lezama-Ochoa, Nerea Hazen, Elliott L Bjorkstedt, Eric Jahncke, Jaime Jones, Timothy Ohman, Mark D https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8136-3695 Parrish, Julia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qq7m54q Intraluminal Duodenal Diverticulum https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qq7m54q Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Naimi, David R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p35q5w0 24.3 Reward Processing and Behavior Traits in Female Youth: Implications for Psychiatric Vulnerabilities https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p35q5w0 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Shott, Megan Sternheim, Lot Swindle, Skylar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2322-0447 Pryor, Tamara Frank, Guido https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6590-3441 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hv0v0rt Littre hernia is an inguinal or abdominal wall herniation that contains a Meckel’s diverticulum alone or with other intestinal loops. The diagnosis is usually made at surgery, but its pre-operative radiological recognition has been a challenge due to inherent difficulties in detecting the Meckel’s diverticulum within hernial content. The aim of this article is to present 8 adults in whom a Meckel’s diverticulum protruding into their inguinal, umbilical or incisional hernia had been demonstrated by barium examination of the small bowel or colon, or on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen and pelvis. This series included 7 men and 1 woman, who ranged in age from 34 to 78 years (mean age:57 years). Seven patients had subsequent hernia repair, when the diverticulum was visualized and resected. This report highlights the imaging features of these 8 Littre hernias since only 5% of published cases had been diagnosed pre-operatively because the Meckel’s diverticulum... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hv0v0rt Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4d85t6ts The greater omentum is a unique anatomical structure that serves a critical function in the containment of inflammatory and infectious processes within the abdominal cavity. It is also a common site of involvement by metastases, as well as the primary location for various pathologic lesions of clinical significance. Its fibroadipose composition, large size, and position in the most anterior aspect of abdomen allow accurate visualization of the greater omentum on CT and MR images. Careful evaluation of the greater omentum can provide important clues to the diagnosis of the underlying abdominal disorder. The aim of this article is to present the normal appearance of the greater omentum, and the wide spectrum of its pathological features as demonstrated on CT and MRI of the abdomen. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4d85t6ts Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/47n184gp Imaging Torus Lesions of Jaw Bones https://escholarship.org/uc/item/47n184gp Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Naimi, David R Ghahremani, Zohreh K https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zf493b8 INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the appearance of acquired rectal diverticula on barium enema and computed tomography (CT) and to review the pertinent clinical data about this entity. METHODS: This series included 3 men and 6 women, who ranged in age from 47 to 82&nbsp;years (average: 64&nbsp;years). Air-contrast barium enema in 6 patients with history of anorectal disease or obstructed defecation demonstrated rectal diverticula. In these cases, multiple radiographs of the rectosigmoid region were obtained in upright position while the patient was relaxing or straining without any attempt to evacuate the barium. In 3 cases, the lateral rectal diverticula were incidental finding on CT studies that were performed for various unrelated abdominal complaints. RESULTS: Pulsion type of diverticulum presenting as a wide-neck outpouching was detected on the lateral rectal wall in 5 and on the posterior wall in 4 patients. They measured 2-3&nbsp;cm in diameter when... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zf493b8 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Mittal, Ravinder K https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vn835pd Research suggests that individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) have certain temperamental traits (e.g. perfectionism, anxiety, harm avoidance), which often onset prior to the eating disorder (ED), and may persist following recovery. Although these traits are often represented as vulnerabilities to developing an ED, there is reason to believe that within certain contexts, these traits may serve as assets. We propose that traits can be harnessed within or outside of treatment to promote long-term success, and possibly relate to recovery. To do so, the current paper will: (1) outline literature on traits viewed as strengths; (2) review precedents for strengths-based interventions drawing from other areas of research; (3) propose a framework for future research to assess these strengths in AN; and (4) discuss the implications of the proposed research for the destigmatization of EDs. This last word calls for a shift to a dual consideration of traits as vulnerabilities and strengths. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vn835pd Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Reilly, Erin E https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9269-0747 Wierenga, Christina E https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4843-1809 Kaye, Walter H https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4478-4906 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3m40v6bt 5.13 SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENTS WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3m40v6bt Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Krantz, Megan L Goldstein, Tina R Liao, Fangzi Gill, Mary Kay Rooks, Brian Merranko, John Diler, Rasim S Hafeman, Danella Goldstein, Benjamin I Yen, Shirley Hower, Heather Meg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Strober, Michael Hunt, Jeffrey I Ryan, Neal Keller, Martin B Axelson, David Birmaher, Boris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k3582qb Observations, models and theory have suggested that ocean fronts are ecological hotspots, generally associated with higher diversity and biomass across many trophic levels. Nutrient injections are often associated with higher chlorophyll concentrations at fronts, but the response of the zooplankton community is largely unknown. The present study investigates mesozooplankton stocks and composition during late spring, northeast of Menorca along two north-south transects that crossed the North Balearic Front (NBF) separating central water of the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea (NWMS) gyre from peripheral waters originating from the Algerian basin. During the BioSWOT-Med campaign, samples were collected using vertical triple net tows at three depths (100 m, 200 m, 400 m) with 200 μm and 500 μm mesh nets, processed with ZooScan, and the organisms assigned to eight taxonomic groups. Zooplankton distributions were analysed for the surface (0–100 m), intermediate (100–200 m), and deeper... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k3582qb Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Duranson, Maxime Berline, Léo Guilloux, Loïc Della Penna, Alice Ohman, Mark D https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8136-3695 Gastauer, Sven Cotte, Cédric Banaru, Daniela Garcia, Théo Berta, Maristella Doglioli, Andrea Gregori, Gérald D'Ovidio, Francesco Carlotti, François https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3h72d0fn We used an ecological niche theory framework integrating physiological and behavioural ecology to understand interspecific differentiation of juveniles of four Antarctic fishes: Trematomus bernacchii, Trematomus pennellii, Trematomus nicolai and Pagothenia borchgrevinki. We focused on basal metabolic traits and the exploration-avoidance axis of behaviour, two key dimensions of species fitness and drivers of niche differentiation. Metabolic metrics included routine metabolic rate (RMR) to understand resting energy requirements and Fulton's condition factor (CF) as a proxy for energy stores; together, these metrics give a baseline understanding of the energetic status of a species. Behavioural assays included the novel object test (NOT) and the novel tank test (NTT) to assess exploratory activity and anxiety. We found relatively low interspecific differentiation in basal metabolic demands-RMR did not differ across species and only T. nicolai exhibited higher CF than the other species.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3h72d0fn Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Frazier, Amanda J Naslund, Andrew W https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-9702 Mandic, Milica Zillig, Kenneth W Siu, Bryant C Todgham, Anne E https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1439-6985 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fd375h9 Diverticulosis of the colon is a gradually progressive disease that usually starts in early adulthood and increases with advancing age in its anatomical extent and the size of diverticula. It is important to recognize the initial stages of diverticular development in young patients in order to properly diagnose and manage the potential complications of this very common intestinal disorder. This article presents the pathological and radiological features of early diverticular formation, when the mucosal outpouchings are very small and contained within the colonic wall as distinct intramural lesions. The subsequent development of intramural diverticulitis and the spectrum of its manifestations on barium enema examination or Computed tomography (CT) are illustrated. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fd375h9 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3f2584q4 Abstract Photosynthesis in the surface ocean and subsequent export of a fraction of this fixed carbon leads to carbon dioxide sequestration in the deep ocean. Ecological relationships among plankton functional groups and theoretical relationships between particle size and sinking rate suggest that carbon export from the euphotic zone is more efficient when communities are dominated by large organisms. However, this hypothesis has never been tested against measured size spectra spanning the &gt;5 orders of magnitude found in plankton communities. Using data from five ocean regions (California Current Ecosystem, North Pacific subtropical gyre, Costa Rica Dome, Gulf of Mexico, and Southern Ocean subtropical front), we quantified carbon‐based plankton size spectra from heterotrophic bacteria to metazoan zooplankton (size class cutoffs varied slightly between regions) and their relationship to net primary production and sinking particle flux. Slopes of the normalized biomass size spectra... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3f2584q4 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Stukel, Michael R Décima, Moira Kelly, Thomas B Landry, Michael R Nodder, Scott D Ohman, Mark D https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8136-3695 Selph, Karen E Yingling, Natalia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zf68027 LONGITUDINAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVEMENT AND RISK IN YOUTHS AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH BIPOLAR SPECTRUM DISORDERS https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zf68027 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Miklowitz, David J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-6147 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vb9f0nz Abstract We assess whether a supervised machine learning algorithm, specifically a convolutional neural network (CNN), achieves higher accuracy on planktonic image classification when including non‐plankton and ancillary plankton during the training procedure. We focus on the case of optimizing the CNN for a single planktonic image source, while considering ancillary images to be plankton images from other instruments. We conducted two sets of experiments with three different types of plankton images (from a Zooglider , Underwater Vision Profiler 5, and Zooscan), and our results held across all three image types. First, we considered whether single‐stage transfer learning using non‐plankton images was beneficial. For this assessment, we used ImageNet images and the 2015 ImageNet contest‐winning model, ResNet‐152. We found increased accuracy using a ResNet‐152 model pretrained on ImageNet, provided the entire network was retrained rather than retraining only the fully connected... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vb9f0nz Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ellen, Jeffrey S Ohman, Mark D https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8136-3695 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2s02s810 Optimizing Electric Aircraft Batteries: Tackling Flight and Material Uncertainties With Robust Designs Using a Multifidelity Approach https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2s02s810 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Guibert, Alexandre T https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1774-9129 Díaz-Flores Caminero, Álvaro Bookwala, Murtaza Kim, H Alicia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nc2c34k Parvoviruses have a predilection for rapidly dividing cells such as occurs during embryonic development. Potentially, in utero exposure could lead to immune tolerance in progeny mice. To determine if MPV infection in utero results in immune tolerance, pregnant mice were inoculated by oral gavage with 50 ID50 MPV1e or sham inoculated with phosphate buffered saline at day 5 and 12 gestation. Offspring were fostered to MPV-negative recipient dams prior to development of a milk spot. After confirming the offspring were seronegative for MPV by serology and not shedding by fecal PCR, they were challenged with 50 ID50 MPV1e by oral gavage at weaning or sham inoculated. At 4 weeks post inoculation, all weanlings exposed in utero developed antibodies to MPV, and MPV was detected by fecal PCR. Similarly, all weanlings from sham-inoculated dams challenged with MPV developed antibodies and MPV was detected by fecal PCR. None of the sham inoculated weanling mice from MPV infected dams or sham... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nc2c34k Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kendall, Lon V Allaband, Celeste https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1832-4858 Henderson, Kenneth S https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ct1n13p 3.66 Medication Nonadherence in Youth With Bipolar Disorder Is Distinctly Affected by Comorbid ADHD https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ct1n13p Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Elhosary, Mohamed Y Merranko, John Goldstein, Tina R Axelson, David A Goldstein, Benjamin I Keller, Martin B Yen, Shirley Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Strober, Michael Birmaher, Boris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/24f2776t ABSTRACT Aim Test the response of mesopelagic zooplankton community composition and distributional ranges to dispersal potential and environment, in comparison with the epipelagic zooplankton community. Location Epipelagic (0–200 m) and mesopelagic (200–1000 m) depth zones of the North Pacific Ocean. Taxon Multicellular zooplankton. Methods Metabarcoding of two molecular markers (18S and COI) in combination with a global ocean circulation model, analysed by General Dissimilarity Modelling. Results We found no significant difference in beta‐diversity across three depth strata (0–200, 200–500, and 500–1000 m), calculated from the nMDS dispersion of samples within each stratum. Similarity in beta‐diversity within the three depth strata indicates that epipelagic and mesopelagic zooplankton communities have similar levels of spatial turnover in species composition despite differences in the magnitude of environmental gradients and dispersal potential. There were no differences... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/24f2776t Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Matthews, Stephanie A Kaminsky, Katarina Cazares‐Nuesser, Alexus E Questel, Jennifer M Blanco‐Bercial, Leocadio Hirai, Junya Ohman, Mark D https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8136-3695 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2366t6jt This article reports 2 adult patients who had developed an acute allergic reaction to food ingredients or medications, respectively. Both patients presented with concurrent urticaria of the skin and colon. The latter finding appeared as numerous raised plaques of the colonic mucosa on radiographic and computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen. The urticarial lesions affecting the skin and large bowel resembled each other and resolved after treatment with antihistamines. Pertinent clinical data and previously published cases of this unusual entity are briefly reviewed. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2366t6jt Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Naimi, David R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21c5k92g INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this report was to present the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of Krukenberg tumors and to review the pertinent clinical data about the rising incidence of this malignancy among young women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This series included 8 women who ranged in age from 24 to 44 years (mean, 36.3 years). They were diagnosed to have Krukenberg tumors during a 5-year period (2011-2016). All patients were evaluated by abdominal CT and pelvic or transvaginal sonography. Five of them also had MRI of the abdomen, and 3 had positron emission tomography scans. RESULTS: The primary cancer was located in the stomach of 7 patients and in the colon in 1. The initial presentation was due to large pelvic mass and abdominal distention by ascites in 3 patients, gastrointestinal symptoms in 4, and small bowel obstruction by carcinoma of the ascending colon in 1 woman. Ovarian metastases were demonstrated on the initial imaging examination... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21c5k92g Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1p98t8dv 28.3 PERSON-LEVEL PREDICTION OF PROGRESSION ALONG THE BIPOLAR TRAJECTORY https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1p98t8dv Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hafeman, Danella Merranko, John Goldstein, Benjamin I Sakolsky, Dara J Diler, Rasim Somer Axelson, David Hower, Heather Meg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Birmaher, Boris Group, Coby Group, Bios https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1nh9n9bd To report the radiological features of intestinal ascariasis and to review the clinical implications of this re-emerging disease for adult population of the USA. This retrospective observational study involved 12 adult patients, whose radiological examinations disclosed unsuspected presence of ascaris in their intestinal tract. They were evaluated by computed tomography of the abdomen with oral contrast, small bowel series with barium, and magnetic resonance enterography. This series included 7 men and 5 women, who ranged in age from 19 to 72&nbsp;years (mean age 48&nbsp;years). The typical configuration of ascaris within the bowel loops was demonstrated on CT of the abdomen in 5 patients, small bowel examination with barium in 3, and by MR enterography in another 4 cases. Our study highlights the radiological appearances of intestinal ascariasis and the clinical implications of this resurging disease. The practicing radiologists should be aware of these findings, particularly... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1nh9n9bd Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Hahn, Michael E https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1k25s878 Hepatic Peliosis https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1k25s878 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Naimi, David R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d46360w An essential aspect of population-based research is collecting samples outside of a clinical setting. This is crucial because microbial populations are highly dynamic, varying significantly across hosts, environments, and time points, a variability that clinical sample collection alone cannot fully capture. At-home sample collection enables the inclusion of a larger and more diverse group of participants, accounting for differences in ethnicity, age, and other factors. However, managing large studies is challenging due to the complexities involved in sample acquisition, processing, and analysis. Building on our previous work demonstrating the effectiveness of single 1 mL barcoded, racked Matrix Tubes in reducing sample processing time and well-to-well contamination for paired DNA and metabolite extraction, we further validate this method against a previously benchmarked plate-based approach using the same extraction reagents. This validation focuses on samples from the built environment,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d46360w Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Brennan, Caitriona https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3943-6701 Shaffer, Justin P Belda-Ferre, Pedro Mohanty, Ipsita Weng, Yuhan Cantrell, Kalen Ackermann, Gail Allaband, Celeste https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1832-4858 Bryant, MacKenzie Farmer, Sawyer González, Antonio McDonald, Daniel Martino, Cameron Meehan, Michael J Rahman, Gibraan Salido, Rodolfo A Schwartz, Tara Song, Jin Tribelhorn, Caitlin Tubb, Helena M Dorrestein, Pieter C Knight, Rob https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d1232xb Accurate sex determination is critical for spawning success in both conservation breeding programs and commercial aquaculture, yet non-invasive methods remain limited in abalone species. Traditional approaches rely on visual inspection, which requires substrate detachment, can cause injury, and may induce premature gamete release. Here, we present the first application of machine learning to automate sex classification in red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) using non-invasive ultrasound imaging technology. We developed a labeled dataset of 246 high-quality ultrasound images from 44 individuals and benchmarked seven convolutional neural network architectures: VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, ResNet101, YOLOv8, YOLOv11, and a custom convolutional neural network. Data partitioning by individual identity was essential to prevent artificially inflated accuracy from image leakage across splits. The YOLOv8 architecture achieved the highest test accuracy of 85.7% (precision: 0.905 male, 0.816 female;... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d1232xb Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Solares, Edwin A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3220-4927 Tong, Anthony Yoo, Sohyun Gosline-Niheu, Welokiheiakeaeloa Jacob, Kevin Feliz, Gordon Loecher, Sachin Zhai, Yuan Mah, Maggie Boles, Sara E Fagbohun, Ayodeji E Gross, Jackson A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/18x8f0tt PREDICTORS OF COURSE AND OUTCOMES IN YOUTHS AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH BIPOLAR SPECTRUM DISORDERS https://escholarship.org/uc/item/18x8f0tt Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hower, Heather Meg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Youngstrom, Eric https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1775n8c9 FOLLOWING YOUTH WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER INTO ADULTHOOD: NEW FINDINGS FROM THE COURSE AND OUTCOME OF BIPOLAR YOUTH (COBY) STUDY Symposia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1775n8c9 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Romero, Soledad Estrada, Xavier Borras, Roger Merranko, John Goldstein, Tina Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Hafeman, Danella Yen, Shirley Goldstein, Benjamin Diler, Rasim Strober, Michael Ryan, Neal Gill, Mary Kay Hunt, Jeffrey Birmaher, Boris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11c2h5gk OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are latitude and seasonal differences in the prevalence of mood episodes (depression and mania) in youth and young adults with Bipolar Spectrum Disorder (BD). METHODS: Mood polarity was prospectively evaluated in 413 participants with BD. Participants were enrolled in the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) study at three sites (University of California Los Angeles-UCLA, Brown University, and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center-UPMC) and interviewed on average every 7&nbsp;months for an average of 91.9&nbsp;months (range: 6-228&nbsp;months), with a total of 274,123 weekly mood ratings. Associations between light exposure and mood polarity were estimated using generalized linear mixed models with time-varying covariates, considering the latitude and seasonality of the study sites and other potential confounders. RESULTS: Average age at intake and at last assessment was 12.6&nbsp;±&nbsp;3.3 and 27.2&nbsp;±&nbsp;4.8&nbsp;years-old,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11c2h5gk Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Estrada-Prat, Xavier Romero, Soledad Borras, Roger Merranko, John Goldstein, Tina Hafeman, Danella Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Yen, Shirley Hunt, Jeffrey Goldstein, Benjamin Ryan, Neal Diler, Rasim Strober, Michael Gill, MaryKay Birmaher, Boris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1024x3xv This paper presents solutions to Einstein’s equation, and the numerical methods used to construct them, that describe simple cosmological models on manifolds with compact nonorientable spatial slices. These solutions have been constructed on a selection of manifolds having positive, negative, and vanishing spatial scalar curvatures. One example is shown to be indistinguishable locally from a homogeneous Friedman cosmological model, and others are constructed with significant inhomogeneities. Together, these examples are used to explore the strengths and limitations of the numerical methods used in this study, and to test the code used to implement them. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1024x3xv Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Zhang, Fan Lindblom, Lee https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zm7x9k1 Abstract Disturbance ecology is underdeveloped in marine pelagic ecosystems relative to terrestrial and aquatic benthic habitats, in part because, when measured relative to a fixed location, postdisturbance recovery involves the advection of entire communities in addition to biotic interactions. A Lagrangian frame-of-reference perspective alleviates this issue. Using results from the California Current Ecosystem, we highlight three approaches: in situ Lagrangian, synthetic Lagrangian, and simulated Lagrangian studies. Within a Lagrangian context, extratropical marine heatwaves and El Niños represent press disturbances or alterations to the disturbance regime. Individual upwelling events are more appropriately viewed as pulse disturbances. Upwelling disturbances stimulate rapid growth of pioneer species (diatoms), with herbivores (copepods) lagging these blooms by approximately 3 weeks. The climax community is an assemblage of small low-nutrient specialists with high Shannon diversity.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zm7x9k1 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Stukel, Michael R Allen, Andrew E https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5911-6081 Barbeau, Katherine A Chabert, Pierre Dovel, Shonna Gangrade, Shailja Kranz, Sven A Lampe, Robert H Landry, Michael R Marrec, Pierre Messié, Monique Miller, Arthur J Wilkinson, Grace Ohman, Mark D https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8136-3695 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0w44m5fs In human foetus, the mesenteries that carry vascular and neural supply to the alimentary tube play an important role in its development and anatomical location within the abdominal cavity. The mesenteric attachments of the small bowel, transverse colon and sigmoid allow them to be intraperitoneally mobile structures. In contrast, the ascending and descending colon lose their mesenteries by fusion with the parietal peritoneum and become fixed in retroperitoneal position along the posterolateral walls of the abdomen. In about 2%-4% of individuals, this process is disrupted, causing a complete or partial retention of their congenital mesocolon. The ascending or descending colon will then remain intraperitoneally mobile, affecting the normal visceral anatomy and causing potential complications. This article reviews the spectrum of radiological manifestations and clinical consequences of these anomalies. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0w44m5fs Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vv9975n PurposeIngestion of a toothbrush is an unusual event but may occur either accident or by intent. Radiological examinations play a crucial role in determining the exact location of the object within the gastrointestinal tract and in planning for its removal by endoscopic or surgical intervention.MethodsMedical and radiological records of 8 patients who had swallowed the broken heads or entire toothbrush were retrospectively reviewed. This series included 4 men and 4 women, ranging in age from 21 to 57 years (mean: 34 years).ResultsRadiographs and computed tomography of the abdomen demonstrated the ingested toothbrushes within the stomach in 3, lodged in the duodenum in 1, and entrapped in various parts of the colon in 4 patients. They were removed by laparotomy in 3, laparoscopy in 2, colonoscopy in 2, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in 1 patient. There were no perforations or associated complications, and all patients had uneventful recoveries.ConclusionsIngested toothbrushes... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vv9975n Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Richman, Katherine M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0sf6g43k Giant Sigmoid Diverticulum: Imaging Features and Management https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0sf6g43k Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0c26747m Hepatic Peliosis https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0c26747m Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Naimi, David R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/062755pq The Relationship Between Anxiety and Eating Pathology: Novel Insights From Genetics, Childhood Temperamental Traits, Neuroimaging, and Treatments https://escholarship.org/uc/item/062755pq Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Micali, Nadia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03q6v6kx 2.58 HEIGHTENED IRRITABILITY DISTINGUISHES ADULTS WITH COMORBID BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER IN A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF BIPOLAR DISORDER https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03q6v6kx Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hoyos, Cintly Celis-de Yen, Shirley Hower, Heather Meg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Weinstock, Lauren M Murage, Daniel Dickstein, Daniel P Hunt, Jeffrey I Strober, Michael Birmaher, Boris Keller, Martin B https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81s3h6k2 During cell stress, endoplasmic reticulum autophagy (ER-phagy) receptors remodel the ER by sequestering membrane proteins (cargo) into autophagosomes for degradation. The conserved ER-phagy receptor, Atg40, contains a motif that binds to Atg8 and a reticulon homology domain that is needed for vacuolar/lysosomal delivery. Cargo capture, however, requires the Atg40 binding partner Lst1/SEC24C. To address whether lipids regulate cargo capture during ER-phagy, we analyzed autophagy in neutral lipid-deficient cells. Unexpectedly, we found that Atg40 was delivered to the vacuole in autophagosomes without Lst1/SEC24C or cargo in mutant cells. Lipidomic analysis revealed changes in the ratio of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine in the neutral lipid-deficient cells that are predicted to alter ER membrane bendability. Our findings imply that phospholipids control cargo sequestration by regulating receptor-cargo coupling at autophagic sites. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81s3h6k2 Wed, 17 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chen, Shuliang Banerjee, Subhrajit Liu, Dongmei Kumar, Kamal Obara, Christopher Novick, Peter Prinz, William Ferro-Novick, Susan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76h2c6qm In the past decade or so, metasurface optical components have received considerable scientific and industrial interest. The miniaturization afforded by metasurfaces could benefit astronomy in particular, which is an often-cited potential application area for metasurfaces. However, few developed examples in which metasurface components offer a unique benefit to astronomical instrumentation-substantiated by the production of scientific data-have been shown. Here, we present the Solar Imaging Metasurface Polarimeter (SIMPol), a first-of-its-kind telescope for snapshot imaging polarimetry of the sun enabled by a high-performance metasurface polarization-analyzing grating, which provides for single element, snapshot imaging polarimetry. We demonstrate SIMPols integration into a major observatory telescope facility and the characterization of Zeeman signatures of solar magnetism. This work-among the first to demonstrate an advantage presented by metasurface optics to a real application... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76h2c6qm Wed, 17 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Li, Lisa Oakley, Phillip Schindhelm, Rebecca Sellers, Sean Casini, Roberto Rubin, Noah https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6m40k0gc INTRODUCTION: Metformin may be associated with reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but findings from previous studies have been inconsistent and had insufficient sample sizes to examine whether the association differs by anatomic site. This study examined whether metformin was associated with reduced CRC risk, both overall and stratified by anatomic site, in a large sample of persons with diabetes who underwent colonoscopy. METHODS: We performed a case-control study of US Veterans with prevalent diabetes who underwent colonoscopy between 1999 and 2014 using Department of Veterans Affairs electronic health record data. Cases were defined by presence of CRC at colonoscopy, while controls had normal colonoscopy. The primary exposure was metformin use at time of colonoscopy (yes/no). Association of metformin exposure with CRC (further stratified by proximal, distal, or rectal subsite) was examined using multivariable and multinomial logistic regression and summarized by odds ratios... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6m40k0gc Wed, 17 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Demb, Joshua Yaseyyedi, Armaan Liu, Lin Bustamante, Ranier Earles, Ashley Ghosh, Pradipta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8917-3201 Gutkind, J Silvio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5150-4482 Gawron, Andrew J Kaltenbach, Tonya R Martinez, Maria Elena Gupta, Samir https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4192-5002 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68c924z0 BACKGROUND: Living in a country with a large gap between high and low earners has been linked to poor health, including depression. Less studied is gene-by-environment interplay with income inequality as the environmental exposure. Here, we examine the association between childhood exposure to inequality and individual differences in adult depressive symptoms, testing for moderation of genetic influences by inequality using polygenic indices for major depressive disorder, as well as twin models. METHODS: The research participants were 69,924 members of twin studies from four developed countries, born between 1893 and 1979, aged 22-103 years at depressive symptom assessment. Genotyping was available for 6,256 participants. Income inequality was operationalized as share of income accruing to the top 1% for each country when the participants were between age 5 and 15 years. RESULTS: Childhood income inequality was associated with depressive symptom scores in adulthood, adjusting... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68c924z0 Wed, 17 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Petkus, Andrew J Reynolds, Chandra A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6502-7173 Finch, Brian K Thomas, Kyla Beam, Christopher R Catts, Vibeke S Ericsson, Malin Finkel, Deborah G Franz, Carol E https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8987-1755 Kremen, William S Larsen, Lisbeth Aagaard Martin, Nicholas G McGue, Matt Mosing, Miriam A Neiderhiser, Jenae M Nygaard, Marianne Pedersen, Nancy L Thalamuthu, Anbupalam Whitfield, Keith E Gatz, Margaret Consortium, the IGEMS https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p060016 Optimizing charged-particle track reconstruction algorithms is crucial for efficient event reconstruction in Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments due to their significant computational demands. Existing track reconstruction algorithms have been adapted to run on massively parallel coprocessors, such as graphics processing units (GPUs), to reduce processing time. Nevertheless, challenges remain in fully harnessing the computational capacity of coprocessors in a scalable and non-disruptive manner. This paper proposes an inference-as-a-service approach for particle tracking in high energy physics experiments. To evaluate the efficacy of this approach, two distinct tracking algorithms are tested: Patatrack, a rule-based algorithm, and Exa.TrkX, a machine learning-based algorithm. The as-a-service implementations show enhanced GPU utilization and can process requests from multiple CPU cores concurrently without increasing per-request latency. The impact of data transfer is minimal... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p060016 Wed, 17 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Zhao, Haoran Chou, Yuan-Tang Yao, Yao Ju, Xiangyang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9745-1638 Feng, Yongbin McCormack, William Patrick Cochran-Branson, Miles Schulte, Jan-Frederik Liu, Miaoyuan Duarte, Javier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5076-7096 Harris, Philip Hsu, Shih-Chieh Pedro, Kevin Tran, Nhan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1tq286cd Abstract: The effective radiative forcing (ERF) from aerosol-cloud interactions (ERFaci) remains poorly constrained and increases uncertainty in future warming projections. While aerosol effects on liquid clouds have been studied extensively in both models and observations, less attention has been paid to the ERF from aerosol-ice-cloud interactions (ERFaci ice ). We introduce a new method for isolating the shortwave (SW) ERFaci ice in global climate models (GCMs) using histograms of monthly averaged ice cloud fraction partitioned by ice crystal effective radius ( r e ) and ice water path (IWP). Combining the cloud histograms with radiative kernels enables estimation of... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1tq286cd Wed, 17 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Duran, Brandon M https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5427-8700 Lutsko, Nicholas J Wall, Casey J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/07z3b7wj HLA sensitization poses a major challenge to kidney transplantation for patients with end-stage kidney disease, especially for highly sensitized candidates. Attempts at antibody elimination (desensitization) have had inconsistent efficacy and have often failed to produce sustained reductions in anti-HLA antibodies in patients with the highest level of sensitization (calculated panel-reactive antibody score, ≥99.9%). We now report the results for the safety run-in cohort of a multicenter phase 1 clinical study evaluating the safety and efficacy of combined CD19-targeted and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor&nbsp;(CAR) T cells in eliminating the cellular sources of preformed anti-HLA antibodies (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT06056102). Kidney transplantation was performed in two highly sensitized candidates after desensitization with the use of dual CAR T-cell therapy. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/07z3b7wj Wed, 17 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bhoj, Vijay Kaminski, Mary Zhao, Huiwu Jackson, Kyle Wang, Wei Liu, Chengyang Montgomery, Robert Ali, Nicole Mangiola, Massimo Spitzer, Thomas Safa, Kassem Pattanayak, Vikram Taj, Raeda Chiu, Joy Bui, Thanh-Mai Sonnenberg, Elizabeth Markmann, James Milone, Michael June, Carl Siegel, Don Fraietta, Joseph Gonzalez, Vanessa Locci, Michela Palmer, Matthew Monos, Dimitri Hwang, Wei-Ting Sledge, Tina Bridges, Nancy Goldstein, Julia Odim, Jonah Sweet, Stuart Besharatian, Behdad Hussain, Sabiha Brown, Nicholas Kamoun, Malek Garfall, Alfred Naji, Ali https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8498624r Abstract Magma and pressure transport between Kīlauea's summit reservoirs and along its East Rift Zone (ERZ) are dynamic even in the absence of surface eruptions. However, these processes do not always produce surface manifestations and may sometimes elude detection by current geological and geodetic monitoring. Here we monitor subsurface seismic velocity changes across Kīlauea's system from 2013 to 2018 and integrate these observations with concurrent measurements of ground deformation and lava lake elevation. We corroborate years‐long seismic velocity decreases around the summit caldera, which are particularly pronounced at southern stations, consistent with sustained pressurization of the South Caldera reservoir (SCR) from a deep magma supply. Following the 2015 summit intrusion, accelerated rates of velocity decrease, summit inflation, and lava lake rise suggest an increased magma supply to the SCR. Notably, we identify an anomalous 7‐month period (late 2016–mid 2017) of disrupted... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8498624r Tue, 16 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wu, Sin‐Mei Lin, Guoqing Shearer, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2992-7630 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jp2z9gg <p>Background:</p><p>While accurate billing and coding are critical to healthcare system efficiency, reimbursement, and the delivery of high-value care, formal education in billing practices during fellowship training is often limited1. Gaps in knowledge leave trainees feeling under-prepared for real-world clinical practice. Additionally, trainees often undervalue services provided, which carry financial implications for the academic institution 2-3. Brief educational interventions have been effective in improving trainee comfort and accuracy in billing4. We hypothesized that a structured 1-hour educational intervention would improve understanding and comfort with billing/coding, reimbursement, and relative value unit (RVU) generation among hematology and oncology fellows. We conducted a quality improvement and educational intervention at the UC San Diego Hematology/Oncology fellowship program. Our primary aim was to improve comfort with billing, coding, and reimbursement.</p><p>Methods:</p><p>Participants... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jp2z9gg Tue, 16 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Farha, Nicole https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tm976ck Air pollution remains a significant global health risk, and exposure to air pollutants can lead to multiple health issues across the life course. Air pollution is also an environmental justice issue and plays a crucial role in health disparities across racial and ethnic groups, through both differential exposure and differential vulnerability. Historical patterns of discriminatory siting of emission sources have led to differential exposure to air pollution among racial and ethnic groups. Differential vulnerability, influenced by social factors and community composition, further exacerbates health inequities. Given these complex mechanisms through which race and ethnicity (RE) influence both exposure and vulnerability to air pollution, it is important to understand how RE is operationalized in air pollution epidemiology and identify methodological opportunities. We conducted a scoping review to summarize the use of RE in air pollution epidemiology literature with a focus on California.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tm976ck Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Dey, Arnab Chen, Chen Do, Vivian Zhou, Shirley Gonzalez, Raul Benmarhnia, Tarik https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jb698xz <p>The deterioration of the relationship between China and East Germany was critical and has been under-researched. Many scholars have emphasized the importance of diplomatic events in contributing to such a deterioration. Yet, less focus was paid to Chinese internal policies, specifically the Great Leap Forward. Though implemented nationally, the Great Leap Forward had an international influence on the GDR's national situation and its relationship with China. This paper will argue that the Chinese Great Leap Forward was instrumental to the collapse of the Sino-East German relationship in 1961, specifically analyzing how the Great Leap Forward contributed to this relationship shift within the context of the Sino-Soviet Split. In terms of the primary sources, while most of them will be archival government documents, interviews from native Chinese people who experienced the event will also be taken into account as oral history.&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jb698xz Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Liu, Siyuan https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9397-0359 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7t91v2r1 <p>&nbsp;While notable research has been done into the history of Filipina/o/x American (Fil-Am) communities in Southern California (Espiritu, 2003; Bonus, 1997), many of these analyses fail to take into account the unique construction of San Diego’s Fil-Am community as a result of two primary factors: enlistment into the U.S. Navy as a dominant avenue for Filipino immigration to San Diego and San Diego’s physical proximity to the U.S.-Mexico border during an anti-immigrant political climate. This particular historical and geographic context has positioned enlistment into the U.S. Navy as a “common sense” mode of being Fil-Am in San Diego through the perception of military service as a means of becoming an ideal immigrant-citizen (in stark contrast to the image of an “illegal alien”). Through analyzing the historical conditions of Filipina/o/x American immigrants, veterans, and military-affiliated communities from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day, this paper... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7t91v2r1 Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Antonio, Kristin C https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6x84p50p <p>Linguistic discrimination in higher education disproportionately affects Black students who speak African American Vernacular English (AAVE) and Black Language (BL). Standard Language Ideology (SLI) reinforces the belief that Standard English (SE) is the only legitimate academic language, embedding racial biases in grading and assessment. Traditional grading systems penalize students for linguistic diversity, positioning AAVE as "improper" and "unacademic" rather than recognizing it as a legitimate linguistic system (Baker-Bell, 2019; Horton, 2000). Scholars (Inoue, 2015; Baker-Bell, 2019) advocate for anti-racist assessment models.&nbsp;</p> <p>Using surveys of UC San Diego writing instructional staff and undergraduate students who are enrolled in or have completed at least one undergraduate writing course, this project investigates the types of assessment models used and students’ perceptions of their impact on academic success. Understanding how grading practices influence... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6x84p50p Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fulmore, Jewel Sanaa https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6pr2v422 <p>Black students in the public school system are facing challenges like racism, misogyny, toxic masculinity, and dehumanization. These issues are systematically upheld as barriers between Black folks and their educational attainment. This research project aims to examine and compare public school data for both California and San Diego county in regards to suspensions, expulsions, and felony arrests stratified by race to highlight the systematic aspect of these events. Keeping in mind the long-standing racist and misogynistic oppression that Black students have experienced in public schools, this research hopes to adequately address the similar but different experiences of Black students based on their gender expression and skin color through the aforementioned quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis of relevant testimonios. Testimonios have been generated for this project, both formally and informally, and were given by family members and community members who chose to... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6pr2v422 Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wynn, Monique India https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68d5g3kh A Novel Founder PKHD1 Disease Causing Variant in Israeli Bedouins With Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68d5g3kh Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sayer, John A Pillai, Joshua https://escholarship.org/uc/item/50s1d3m5 Challenger Research Journal: Volume 7 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/50s1d3m5 Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Adenihun, Maya Sayo Amaka Antonio, Kristin C Fulmore, Jewel Sanaa Kistler, Sophia Liu, Siyuan https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9397-0359 Wynn, Monique India Journal, Challenger https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2h1297vj <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; This paper explores how allusions to mythology in “Anansi Meets Peter Parker at the Taco Bell on Lexington” by Douglas Kearney, “The Magical Negro” by Nnedi Okorafor-Mbachu, and “Aftermoon” by Tananarive Due from Dark Matter by Sheree R. Thomas exemplifies an Afrosurrealist literary aesthetic. Using James Scott theory of public and hidden transcript, Nelson Maldonado-Torres theory of the coloniality of being, and Isidore Okpewho's definiton of myth, mythology signifies aesthetics of mysticism and grotesque and a rejection of linear time to demonstrate patterns of oppression and how colonialism affects present reality to create a surreal experience. In “Anansi Meets Peter Parker at the Taco Bell on Lexington,” the parallels of Anasai to Spiderman and B’rer Rabbit to Bugs Bunny demonstrate the absurdity of racial economic inequality from cultural production. In “The Magical Negro,” references to Thor the Brave from Norse mythology critique the trope of a... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2h1297vj Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Adenihun, Maya Sayo Amaka https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d21326j Larry and the Contraband Lo Mein https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d21326j Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Butler, John T https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nf020r8 Alumni Spotlight: Angela Chapman https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nf020r8 Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fulmore, Jewel Sanaa