http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/uclairle_wp/rss Recent eScholarship items from Working Papers Thu, 14 May 2026 23:20:10 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q75j2cc <p>The entry of digital platform corporations, such as Uber, Lyft, and Taxify, into established taxi and limousine markets has severely challenged organized interest groups on both sides of the capital-labor divide as well as public policymakers who regulate these markets. Interest associations in different countries have regarded the market-disrupting strategies of platform corporations as either a unifying threat or as an opportunity to pursue and enforce their particularistic interests, and existing associational fields have shaped interest associations’ responses.</p><p>The author compares California and Austria because of their distinctive traditions in valorizing the public participation of nonstate societal groups and interest associations in political and economic fields. By drawing on interest group theory and on sociological field theory, this paper demonstrates that both pluralist and neocorporatist associational fields have the potential to balance societal interests... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q75j2cc Tue, 26 May 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Pernicka, Susanne https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fm329p1 This paper uses a unique panel dataset from China's initial reform of fiscal decentralization to analyze the relationships between fiscal decentralization, local economic development, and rural-rural undocumented inter-provincial labor mobility. Using a modified gravity model with Heckman Maximum Likelihood Estimation method, this paper shows that fiscal decentralization has two contending effects on labor market integration: Local economic development promotes labor mobility at the labor migration destination, but local public goods crowding restrains the inflow of labor. This paper also demonstrates that the crowding effect is stronger at lower levels of government. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fm329p1 Thu, 4 Aug 2016 00:00:00 +0000 Chen, Yiu Por (Vincent), Dr. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/42q1792z <p>A recent innovation, the ride-share sector, is the fastest growing sector of the sharingeconomy. These companies provide drivers with a mobile-based platform to find a fare and take a cut of the same, discouraging cash tipping. As advertisements for the companies suggest that these drivers can make anywhere between $20-$40 per hour, it’s no surprise that the companies are welcoming throngs of workers suffering in a sluggish economy and searching for a way to make ends meet, advertising themselves a potential vehicle for micro-entrepreneurial opportunity that allows workers to have more control and flexibility at work.</p><p>This paper provides a brief examination of the relevant legal framework as concerns the misclassification of rideshare drivers; recent misclassification decisions in Oregon, Florida, and California; and the recent Uber and Lyft settlements. This analysis considers the way ridesharedrivers are impacted by the fact that no one determinative test concerning... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/42q1792z Fri, 17 Jun 2016 00:00:00 +0000 Izvanariu, Pamela A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hx0126r Domestic work is defined by the International Labour Organization (ILO) as: ‘work performed in or for a household or households within an employment relationship’. Domestic work has largely been an invisible and mysterious occupation, considering that this kind of work takes place in private homes.  Like many other countries, Sudan benefits greatly from the social and economic contributions of domestic work. However, very little is known about the marginalisation, and exclusion of domestic workers. This article attempts to expose the history, evolution and current context of domestic work in Sudan. It traces the history of domestic work to the practice of slavery in Sudan, when slaves were mainly used as domestic helpers. It then analyses the contextual factors that influenced the evolution of domestic workers from slaves to servants before examining the current political, legal, economic, and socio-cultural context in which domestic work takes place. The article concludes with... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hx0126r Thu, 2 Jun 2016 00:00:00 +0000 Elobeid, Hadelzein https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8b9364pm Employment through a temporary agency, or temporary employment, typically offers a greater degree of flexibility in working hours than regular employment, but with low wages, few fringe benefits, little autonomy, and unstable employment, resulting in such jobs being deemed inferior. Previous studies have often treated this work as similar to part-timeemployment in terms of status differences compared to regular employment. In contrast, our study examines regular employment, non-regular employment, and temporary employment by considering the effect upon job quality of the three-party employment relationship among workers, client firms, and temporary staffing agencies compared to the traditional two-party employment relationship and the employment contract (non-fixed versus fixed term). The results of a statistical analysis of data gathered in our questionnaire surveying employees working in clerical jobs in the metropolitan areas of Japan show that both the three-party employment... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8b9364pm Wed, 27 Apr 2016 00:00:00 +0000 Shimanuki, Tomoyuki https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0m96d1fm When a group of undocumented migrants blocked a road in San Bernardino, California, in the summer of 2011, it was at first sight one out of many events organized by the protest movement of undocumented youth. While they marched down the road and started their action of civil disobedience, they were chanting “education not deportation” and wore academic caps and t-shirts with the campaign slogan “The DREAM is coming” as a reference to higher education and the federal DREAM Act . On the one hand, they were thus continuing the activism of the undocumented youth movement, which became nationally known because of its struggle for the rights of students without legal status in the US since its inception in the early 2000s (cf. Nicholls 2013; Corrunker 2012; Anguiano 2011; Unzueta/Seif 2014; Seif 2014; Costanza-Chock 2014; Eisema/Fiorito/Montero-Sieburth 2014; Negron-Gonzales 2014, 2015). On the other hand, this direct action was symbolic of a shift in the movement that heavily impacted... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0m96d1fm Tue, 5 Jan 2016 00:00:00 +0000 Schwiertz, Helge https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5n091465 The empirical literature on the wage effect of 'right-to-work' (RTW) legislation remains fairly ambiguous with studies producing contrasting results. In this article, we address this issue by exploring the impact of RTW on wage heterogeneity between socio-demographic and occupational subpopulations in the U.S. Using data from the 2012-2014 Current Population Survey, we employ two analytical techniques for estimating the wage effect of RTW legislation. First, we utilize multi-level regression to observe the effects of state-level RTW legislation on individual hourly earnings and wage differences while controlling for socio-demographic and occupational characteristics of individual workers as well as developmental and regulatory characteristics of states. Second, we utilize propensity-score matching (PSM) to observe the wage difference between similar workers located in RTW and non-RTW states. According to estimates from the fully specified multi-level regression models, private... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5n091465 Fri, 11 Sep 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Roberts, Anthony J Habans, Robert A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7k66f0jn The formation of the Nisei Farmers League (NFL) in the 1960s was an important event for the community of Japanese American farmers in the Central Valley of California. During the same period, the United Farm Workers (UFW) emerged as a major advocate of farm workers rights in the region. While the UFW promoted the interests of farm workers, the NFL provided Japanese American farmers a collective voice in advocating for their property rights and business interests in the aftermath of the Japanese internment. The working paper highlights the conflict between the UFW and NFL as well as the internal struggle within the Japanese American farming community using historical information from archival research and personal interviews. The working paper shows the discontent between the UFW and NFL was primarily based on the inherent mistrust of Japanese American farmers toward outsiders and the UFW's misperception that the NFL represented the interests of corporate agriculture. Additionally,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7k66f0jn Wed, 15 Jul 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Ishimoto, Michael https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7610s7h0 With the rise of China, US-China trade has developed rapidly since the 1990s. In 2007, China overtook Mexico as the second largest trade partner of the US. But the trade imbalance, or more specifically, the US merchandise trade deficit with China has become the focus of both countries, especially after China’s entry into WTO in 2001. In 2013, the US-China trade deficit on goods was about 23 times more than that in 1991, up from 13.95 to 330.29 billion dollars, and elevated to 61% of US total trade deficit on goods (Figure 1). A large and persistent trade imbalance raises policy concerns because of its perceived links to domestic production and employment—specifically, the fear that more imports will mean less production and fewer jobs in the United States (Bown, 2005). From 1991 to 2013, the US manufacturing employment rate (percentage of population) decreased from 10.64% to 6.05%, leading to a widespread view that job losses in the US are “made in China”. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7610s7h0 Thu, 25 Jun 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Dai, Feng https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4cw578fp Since California voters approved a state constitutional amendment to limit property taxes in 1978, most states in the United States have adopted legal limits on the annual increase of the property tax levy. Prior studies of the fiscal impact of property tax limitation on local government come to mixed conclusions. This study summarizes the literature with meta-regression analyses of the effect of property tax limitation on per capita property tax revenues, non-property-tax revenues, and total local revenues and expenditures. Aggregating estimates across studies provides better evidence that local governments are unable to circumvent limitations on property tax increases. Property tax limitations reduce property tax revenues. They may lead to compensatory increases in other taxes, but on average such increases do not fully make up for the foregone property tax revenue, and the net impact of a property tax limitation is therefore substantial fiscal constraint in the local public... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4cw578fp Mon, 4 May 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Martin, Isaac W https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wj2t7cs Since California voters approved a state constitutional amendment to limit property taxes in 1978, most states in the United States have adopted legal limits on the annual increase of the property tax levy. Prior studies of the fiscal impact of property tax limitation on local government come to mixed conclusions. This study summarizes the literature with meta-regression analyses of the effect of property tax limitation on per capita property tax revenues, non-property-tax revenues, and total local revenues and expenditures. Aggregating estimates across studies provides better evidence that local governments are unable to circumvent limitations on property tax increases. Property tax limitations reduce property tax revenues. They may lead to compensatory increases in other taxes, but on average such increases do not fully make up for the foregone property tax revenue, and the net impact of a property tax limitation is therefore substantial fiscal constraint in the local public... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wj2t7cs Mon, 4 May 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Martin, Isaac W. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0rb594s5 <p>This paper has the objective of providing a general overview of the structure of the aerospace industry in Mexico, and on the effect its development has had in the Queretaro Aerospace Cluster.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0rb594s5 Thu, 2 Oct 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Salinas, Javier https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cs5m6fs Migrant Workers’ Educational Mismatch and the Labor Market in China https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cs5m6fs Mon, 22 Sep 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Tang, Ni https://escholarship.org/uc/item/88h9784n This paper presents a case study of business process reengineering in the San Diego County Family Resource Centers (USA), which process applications for food stamps, welfare (TANF) and Medicaid.Reengineering is supposed to improve customer service and organizational efficiency by using information technology and worker empowerment. In this case we find thatreengineering has led to deteriorating service for clients and the deprofessionalization of the quasi-professional caseworkers. Our findings contribute to the sociology of interactive service work by building on insights regarding the contradictory logics at the heart of the service encounter: rationalization to achieve quantitative efficiency versus customer-orientation aimed at creating satisfied customers. We argue that because reengineering happened in a context of disempowered welfare clients, that cost reductions were emphasized over improved customerservice. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/88h9784n Thu, 31 Jul 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Vidal, Matt https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7m06z9k2 What is work? Who is a worker? Labor &amp; employment law scholars have increasingly interrogated work and employment asconstructed categories, categories whose legal definition incorporates a host of culturally and historically specific assumptions. These constructions are crucial not only for workers’ rights on the job but also for citizenship rights in the welfare state. To be a worker is to beprotected by labor law, by wage &amp; hour law, by employment discrimination law, and so on, but also to be entitled to disability, unemployment, and retirement benefits provided by the state butconditioned on employment. To put it broadly, to gain the title worker is also to belong, to become entitled to what T.H. Marshall called social citizenship – “the right to a modicum of economic welfare and security . . . the right to share to the full in the social heritage and to live the life of a civilised being according to the standards prevailing in society.”1 This is where labor &amp;... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7m06z9k2 Thu, 31 Jul 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Zatz, Noah D Boris, Eileen https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5610g83k Ideological conflicts, like those over the Affordable Care Act (ACA), are highly intractable, as demonstrated by the October 2013 partial government shutdown. The current research offers a potential resolution of ideological conflicts by affirming an opponent’s status. Results of one experiment collected during the 2013 government shutdown and a secondconducted shortly after the implementation of the health insurance marketplaces in early 2014 indicate that status affirmation induces conciliatory attitudes and a willingness to sacrifice one’s own outcomes in favor of ideological opponents’ by decreasing adversarial perceptions. Thesestudies demonstrate that status is an important social dimension whose affirmation by an ideological opponent buffers the integrity of one’s identity, thereby reducing defensiveness andresistance to compromising in political conflicts. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5610g83k Thu, 31 Jul 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Bendersky, Corinne https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tz359bm Over the last two decades, digital technologies have transformed practicallyevery aspect of historians’ professional lives. When I entered graduate school in the1990s, there were still professors who wrote articles out by hand, and then turnedover stacks of legal pads to the departmental secretaries to key into computers. In the archives we took notes with paper and pencil and made as many photocopies as we could afford. Today, laptops have displaced the office staff, most archives allow personal digital cameras, and we leave the archives with hundreds of JPEG files instead of note cards.  But what comes next?  Here are five suggestions, by no means exhaustive of the possibilities, for Labor Historians to make use of digital tools in teaching and research. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tz359bm Fri, 2 May 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Higbie, Tobias https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9b21q5qd While the poultry processing industry in the southern United States has undergone a radical restructuring over the past few decades, its recruitment of immigrant workers has contributed to an unprecedented presence of Latin Americans. Running parallel to these changes is the ongoing struggle of African Americans for equal economic opportunity. This essay considers the implications of demographic and cultural shifts in central Mississippi, where poultry has become the dominant employer and where immigration helps shape rural life. Mississippi's history and demographic profile make it a significant site for investigation. Here, unlike in many other recent immigration destinations in the US South, Latin American migrants are joining workplaces and communities whose majority is often African American. Centered upon ScottCounty, home of Mississippi's poultry industry (where the "Hispanic" population increased by over 1,000 percent from 1990 to 2000), this essay situates the present... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9b21q5qd Fri, 2 May 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Stuesse, Angela Helton, Laura E https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zm4q6b0 This essay describes the changes that have taken place in employment practices andregulation in advanced industrial countries. It first canvasses employment trends to show that job security and the other features of the standard contract of employment are fading. It then describes some measures undertaken in some countries and regions to try to protectworkers and to ameliorate the insecurity that present practices human resource practices generate. It concludes by considering what countries can learn from ameliorative policies and programs in other countries. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zm4q6b0 Fri, 2 May 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Stone, Katherine V.W. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/66v3f8q9 Trabalho e Desigualdades: Desafi os para o novo modelo brasileiro de desenvolvimento https://escholarship.org/uc/item/66v3f8q9 Fri, 2 May 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Leite, Marcia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3j46q77g After 40 years of a long rising emigration from Mexico to the United States, the number of Mexicans increased to 12 million in 2006, while the increased input of remittances reached $26 million dollars in 2007. Yet, the increasing migration and remittances mainly in Zacatecas andMichoacan states do not achieve economic and social development because of the persistent backwardness, unemployment and marginalization. It demands the need for new Policies of Development, Migration and Human Rights that allow exercising the right to not emigrate in a medium term. Positive products of this long migration are the Mexican Migrant Clubs and theirFederations that elaborated the concrete development proposals. Whereas, the possibility that these proposals can become a Development, Migration and Human Rights, Comprehensive and Long Term State Policy will depend on the capacity and participation of Mexican Civil Societyand the Transnational Communities in both countries. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3j46q77g Fri, 2 May 2014 00:00:00 +0000 García Zamora, Rodolfo https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q06t127 In this contribution to the Symposium honoring Stephen Yeazell, the author explores the interaction between group litigation and social context in the contemporary setting. She traces recent developments in the law of class action waivers coupled with mandatory individual arbitration clauses in consumer and employment contracts. She shows how the Supreme Court’s decisions in <em>AT&amp;T v. Concepcion</em> and <em>American Express v. Italian Colors</em> enable large corporations that impose class action bans on consumers and employees to achieve de facto immunity from decades of hard-won protective legislation. She concludes that Yeazell’s insight—that the availability of group litigation is intricately linked with a society’s social arrangements—is as truetoday as it was when he first examined the issue in the 1970s. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q06t127 Fri, 2 May 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Stone, Katherine V.W. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wk5m8rz Mothers from poor families in India have a compelling need to work, but childcare for their young children is a constraint. This paper examines how far the public daycare helps in loosening this constraint. Todo this, I look at the effect on maternal labor force participation, of daycare implicit in the preschooling provided to young children, through India’s largest child development program - Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS). Besides preschooling, the ICDS program provides a whole package of other services, including supplementary feeding and immunization. Because of these services, I examine thevarious pathways through which the benefits on maternal employment can accrue: release of mother’s time from child supervision, improvement in health of young children and implicit income subsidy. For the analysis, I primarily use data from the recent demographic health survey data for 2005-6, which for the first time collected information on child level usage of ICDS services.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wk5m8rz Wed, 11 Dec 2013 00:00:00 +0000 Jain, Monica https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7n26h25r This paper evaluates the potential for positive changes in household welfare and employment stemming from the institution of social businesses for water supply in peri-urban environments. 1 This analysis uses the experience of Grameen Veolia in the peri-urban space of Dhaka, Bangladesh as a key case for evaluating the concept of social business. The study uses interviews with Grameen Veolia employees, primary project documents, and secondary sources in the grey literature as evidence. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7n26h25r Wed, 11 Dec 2013 00:00:00 +0000 Pierce, Gregory https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0455r2rm Girls lag behind boys in education in India. They also appear to provide significant amount of childcare at home. In this paper I investigate if provision of childcare services by India’s largest child development program - Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) - helps to reduce gender education gap byreleasing girls from home responsibilities. There are several mechanisms by which the ICDS provides childcare directly and could reduce its cost. Using logit, covariate matching and conditional logit (villageand mother fixed-effects), I find that in rural India the girls 6-14 years, whose younger sibling below 5 years is receiving any of the ICDS services intensely, have 44% higher odds of schooling, than thosewhose sibling is either receiving no ICDS service or none intensely. The effect on boys 6-14 years is positive, but not robust. Further evidence suggests that younger age girls seem to be benefiting relativelymore, and the effect is driven mainly by positive health benefits... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0455r2rm Wed, 11 Dec 2013 00:00:00 +0000 Jain, Monica https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5d679799 <p>Retail jobs in Latin America straddle formal and informal employment, extending from global retail chains to self-employed street vendors. Retail employment thus presents an ideal setting for exploring two much-debated questions about the contrast between formal and informal work. First, under what circumstances is informal work to be preferred, and even actively chosen, over formal work? Second, what is the nature of transitions between formal and informal work, and how do people navigate and experience these transitions? In this paper, we use a three time-point (2006, 2007, 2008) longitudinal survey of retail workers in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico, to address these questions. Using the longitudinal data, we can compare trajectories, not just point-in-time outcomes, of workers. A qualitative portion of the survey allows us to compare people’s experiences with their aspirations, and follow how those aspirations themselves shift over time.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5d679799 Wed, 25 Sep 2013 00:00:00 +0000 Denham, Diana Tilly, Chris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tj127tb <p>Traditionally, the outgoing Labor and Employment Relations Association (LERA) president delivers a presentation on an important labor and employment relations issue at the organization’s Annual Meeting. President David Lewin’s June 8, 2013 presentation advocated comprehensive reform of national labor policy to address key changes in the 21^st century workplace.&nbsp; This paper is a summary version of that presentation.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tj127tb Thu, 5 Sep 2013 00:00:00 +0000 Lewin, David https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2d15z31p <p>This essay traces the development of University of California workers’ education programming, with an emphasis on the Pacific Coast School for Workers and its rocky relationship with university administrators. I then examine the University of California’s response to legislative efforts to fund worker education and industrial relations programs, and the ultimate development of the Institute for Industrial Relations. I conclude with some thoughts about implications of this history for present-day labor programming within the university, and for the labor movement. Outreach to organized workers, and efforts to bring working class students into the university, reflected a contest over knowledge about work, unions, and political economy. With the development of Industrial Relations programs, American universities positioned themselves as neutral arbiters able to stand above the dirty work of industrial conflict. But the university purchased this neutrality by foreclosing a deeper... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2d15z31p Wed, 4 Sep 2013 00:00:00 +0000 Higbie, Tobias https://escholarship.org/uc/item/184333nw <p>This study explores the relationship between occupation, gender and the so-called "marriage premium". Previous studies have observed an earnings bonus for married men that is not present for women. This work has considered how much of the premium is causally related to marriage and how much is related to selection effects. The prior literature has also established that returns to marriage vary significantly by education, race and family size. Compared to these variables, the role of occupation in altering marriage premium has rarely been considered.</p><p>We study the wage premium through an analysis of the the 2007-2009 American Community Survey. We extend Mincer’s wage premium framework to a study of the premium. The magnitude of the wage premium appears to vary by occupational class. We use OLS regressions to capture wage premiums for gender and occupational class groups.</p><p>This analysis suggests that the relationship between work type and the premium has been understudied.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/184333nw Wed, 4 Sep 2013 00:00:00 +0000 Adler, Patrick Öner, Özge https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wj7c2tb There has been a great deal written about change in the nature of employment in advanced industrialized countries over the past two decades, but the economic data to substantiate this claim have been contradictory and/or ambiguous. Some analysts contend thatthe existing data show little or no change in job longevity or incidence of temporary work, thereby casting doubt on the claim that the standard contract of employment has eroded. This article examines the best available data from ten advanced industrial countries -- Australia, Japan, United States, Spain, Italy, Germany, Netherlands, Denmark, United Kingdom and France. It looks at three of specific aspects of the standard employment contract: the growth ofnonstandard employment, the decline in job tenure, and the decline in union density and collective bargaining coverage. Overall, the data reveal changes in national labor marketsconsistent with the thesis that there has been a decline in standard employment practices. In... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wj7c2tb Wed, 13 Mar 2013 00:00:00 +0000 Stone, Katherine https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mx8t9rc The most important question for social policy today is: can the United States participate in global trade while maintaining a robust middle class? Ordoes expanded global trade necessarily mean doom for the U.S. middle class and others in advanced industrial nations? This question might have sounded provocative, incendiary, or just plain silly a decade ago, but it can no longer be ignored. Several different approaches have been advocated to preserve the living standards of the middle class in advanced countries in the face of expanded global trade. This essay examines three clusters of policies that are the most promising, policies to (1) encourage a race to the top that cancounterbalance a race to the bottom; (2) promote the creation of local and regional agglomeration economies that will act as counterweights to a race tothe bottom, and (3) foster firm-level innovation and develop the skills andhuman capital of the local population. It concludes that we adopt policies thatbraid... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mx8t9rc Wed, 13 Mar 2013 00:00:00 +0000 Stone, Katherine https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9r68v14v Building on diversity literature, the present study examines the distinct effects of workforce diversity in various attributes on internal processes and performance at the organization level. Focusing on the status-relatedness of diversity dimensions, we propose thenegative effects of diversity in hierarchical position, and the positive effects of diversity in gender, age and education. We further identify innovative climate, employee competence, and employee satisfaction as the mediating mechanisms that account for the relationships between workforce diversity and organizational performance. The present hypotheses were empirically validated using time-lagged, multi-source data collected from 256 Koreanmanufacturing companies at two time points over a two-year period. Hierarchical position diversity was negatively related to employee competence and satisfaction, thus negatively affecting operational performance. Education diversity showed positive effects on innovativeclimate,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9r68v14v Tue, 12 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 Sung, Sun Young Choi, Jin Nam https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0wt3v445 Unions have been hailed as defenders of democracy and equality, and damned aspreservers of privilege and corruption. The global spread of neoliberalism has intensified this debate world-wide, but nowhere has it reached a higher pitch than in the United States and Mexico. In these two neighboring North American countries, one rich and one middle-income, economic liberals have battered unions over the last three decades, and unions have fought a largely defensive battle. This article surveys unions’ activities in recent decades to examinelinks between unions, democracy, and equality. The central argument is that it is essential to disaggregate the labor movement in order to make sense of these links. Both sides of the debatehave merit with reference to particular currents within the labor movement of each country.Moreover, even within particular currents, the relationship between unions, democracy, and equality is mixed and complex. Finally, the massive labor migration between the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0wt3v445 Tue, 12 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 Tilly, Chris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/97c7w12x Lean production has become deeply institutionalized in the US manufacturing field, which is characterized by the dominance of two institutional logics of operational practice: a detailed package of lean manufacturing practices; and a high-road model of teamwork based on substantive employee involvement. Together, these logics specify acomplementary package of practices widely considered to define world-classmanufacturing and broadly adopted in American management discourse and practice. Based on interviews with 109 individuals and additional ethnographic observation in 31 firms, I find managers systematically deviating from one or both of the dominant logics.  This raises a theoretical puzzle: In a competitive market, with a clearly-specified dominant institutional logic of high-involvement lean, understood as best-practice andwell-known to all managers, how do we explain the persistence of diverse organizational forms? The manufacturing field is institutionalized such that there... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/97c7w12x Mon, 7 Jan 2013 00:00:00 +0000 Vidal, Matt https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xk780xv The study presents the comparison for two different economies; rural Malawi and rural Pakistan by using cross sectional data drawn from ‘MDICP’ and ‘PSLM’ for the year 2007-08. The mainobjective of the study is to analyze the factors that determine the female behavior towards employment during their child-bearing age (15-45). We also extend our analysis toward womenparticipation on-farm and off-farm economic activities. The Probit model is used to examine the effects of various personal demographic along with social demographic determinants on femaleparticipation in economic activities. The focus of the study is to analyze that how these factors determine the women decision to participate on-farm or off-farm economic activities for bothcountries under consideration. The main findings of the study show that these demographic and individual characteristics influence women participation in both countries. The coefficient of age is positive and significant for female decision to participate... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xk780xv Mon, 7 Jan 2013 00:00:00 +0000 Hassan, Amira Hyder, Asma https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15z2g3m3 There is a pronounced breach of gender in this field that leads vulnerable women, at times, to greater exclusion from the labour market, and at other times, to the submerged economy, to labour segregation, and also to poverty. As a result, working relations reveal their weaknesses. The especially vulnerable victim is a concept that has arisenwithin the United Nations in 1985. The first thing that we should identify are thewomen that suffer this situation, as it is there where the Law is called on to introduce legislative measures that combat these circumstances. Consequently, vulnerable women are turned into a group object treated in the singular to achieve their social and labour integration, an end that will principally be achieved, thanks to labour integration and the protection of the Social Security Regime (shifting this study to the social branch of Law). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15z2g3m3 Fri, 4 Jan 2013 00:00:00 +0000 Argüello, Noemí https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0ck918nv The province of Punjab – home to 56 percent of Pakistan’s population, is marked by regionaldisparity. This paper argues that the socioeconomic disparity observed today between theSouth-West of Punjab and the rest of the Province is largely owed to the historical differences inregional endowments. During the colonial rule over India, the North and Center of the provincebenefitted from Canals, Cantonments (military garrisons) and enlistment in the Indian army tofight on the side of the Britain in the two world wars. These shocks rested upon endowmentsunique to the two regions. The barren but cultivable land and sparse population of the Centerfacilitated canal colonization. The geo-strategic location of the North allowed the establishmentof military headquarters and smaller garrisons in the region. The hardy men of the North,experienced in warfare since the 12th century, were suitable for the army. The South-West of thePunjab lacking the endowments of interest to the British, failed... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0ck918nv Fri, 30 Nov 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Khawaja, Idrees https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fj1n4f8 Vocational training system for skilled workforce has been highlighted as one ofthe key driving forces of South Korea's economic development. South Korea is well known for adopting a government-led vocational training strategy to make sure the supply of a skilled workforce according to the 1st--7th five-year economic developmentplans. This paper examines the main features and developmental changes of this strategy from the 1960s to the 1990s and suggests a set of important lessons for the design and implementation of vocational training policies. Vocational training policy also was led by the government and complemented by private sector. By providing training program through the establishment of public training institutes, the government managed the supply of skills. While the government has consistently expanded and controlled the vocational training system for meeting the needs of industry, the principle system was the compulsory in-plant training system, in which itwas obligatory... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fj1n4f8 Thu, 4 Oct 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Ra, Young Sun https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0jm096mm This essay examines the reception and transformation of the robot, or artificial worker, from its first appearance in a play about workers’ revolution in the early 1920s into a symbol of technological unemployment by the 1930s. Karel Čapek’s 1920 play R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots) told the story of hyper-efficient artificial workers that replace human workers in factories and armies across the world. When the Robots gain consciousness of their collective lot they organize a worldwide rebellion culminating in the practical extermination of humankind. A worldwide theater sensation in the early 1920s, and staple of amateur theater in the 1930s, the play spoke to widespread fears of (or hopes for) rebellion by industrial workers. Over the 1920sand 1930s, however, robot imagery became primarily mechanical following a growing concern that industrial automation was causing mass unemployment, rather than turning workers into mindless robots. This essay draws on reviews and commentary... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0jm096mm Mon, 10 Sep 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Higbie, Tobias https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p63p7ts Unemployment is one of the most important problems of Pakistan’s economy. The Study investigates whether the Beveridge Curve- the empirical relationship between vacancy and unemployment rate offers a potential instrument to characterize the unemployment in the considered economy. The present topic become popular among academicians particularly after the seminal work of Nobel laureate Christopher Pissarides “On Vacancies (2010)” and recently it has been realized that such analysis can be helpful for understanding of characteristics of unemployment, however it is debatable whether macroeconomic fluctuations helps to explain the nature of this relationship. The study is the first in its nature that explain the relationship between vacancies and unemployment for a developing country like Pakistan, further the paper introduced two shock variable, unemployment composition pool and cyclical variables to examine if they have any significant impact on long run unemployment rate.  https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p63p7ts Thu, 12 Jul 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Waqas, Muhammad Hyder, Asma https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1dp4n18k The Elasticity of Labor Supply to the Firm Over the Business Cycle https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1dp4n18k Tue, 15 May 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Depew, Briggs Sorensen, Todd https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pk220mn This paper provides a systematic analysis of the way shifts in property utilization rights in China induced another sequence of institutional changes that led to the rise of rural-urban labor migration from 1980 to 1984, a critical period in the country’s market transition. I show that the 1980s’ Household Responsibility System (HRS), which brought family farming back from the communal system, endowed rural households not only with land use rights, but also with de facto labor allocation rights. These shifts in property relationspromoted a growth in agricultural market size as well as the emergence of intraprovincial non-hukou rural-urban migration, which may have made labor retention policies such as the small township strategy ineffective, and may have given the government an incentive to deregulate its subsequent labor market policy. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pk220mn Wed, 9 May 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Chen, Yiu Por https://escholarship.org/uc/item/66s1j4n4 This paper critically examines the procedural justice characteristics of dismissal under the American employment-at-will (EAW) system and the New Zealand just-cause system, with regard to poor performance, misconduct, and redundancy (downsizing) situations, using a due process framework of three dimensions:adequate notice, fair hearing, and judgement based on evidence.  Without any explicit proactive procedural protocol required for dismissals,EAW was found to offer limited protection to employees. Contrarily, employeesinNew Zealand have better protections in statute and common law, requiring employers to provide substantive justifications for dismissal and to follow procedures similar to due process.  If employees are to be treated fairly and respectfully, changes to the EAW are needed, and the New Zealand system, despite some limitations identified, may be a good reference model. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/66s1j4n4 Mon, 16 Apr 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Harcourt, Mark Lam, Helen Hannay, Maureen https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nh039h1 In two studies, we find that unemployment stigma exists, occurs instantaneously, is difficult to alleviate, and leads to hiring biases against the unemployed. This stigma-based account of the unemployed stands in contrast to economic theories purporting that individuals rationally base their judgments on the skill deterioration the unemployed should experience. Study 1 provides evidence that unemployment stigma exists and can lead to a hiring bias against the unemployed. Furthermore, unemployment rationales indicating whether unemployment was controllable (i.e. Voluntarily Left) or uncontrollable (i.e., Laid-off), a causal dimension that has been found to mitigate negative responses toward stigma in past research did not alleviate unemployment stigma. This may have been the case because of perceivers’ fundamental tendency to overemphasize internal/dispositional explanations for target outcomes. Study 2 supports this reasoning as we found that providing a rationale indicating causal... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nh039h1 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Ho, GeoffreyHo C. Shih, Margaret Walters, Daniel J. Pittinsky, Todd L. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/846048hj From the forthcoming book Reconnecting to Work, published by the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research https://escholarship.org/uc/item/846048hj Fri, 2 Dec 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Appelbaum, Lauren D. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fs5129s <p>I present a Marxist regulationist framework for analyzing job quality, distinguishing between Fordist and postfordist regimes in terms of institutional dynamics of competition. An aggregate analysis of the US shows that over a quarter of industries and occupations in the liberal postfordist employment structure are low-wage. I construct an analytical framework based on four general types of labor process: high-skill autonomous work, semi-autonomous, tightly-constrained and unrationalized labor intensive work. These are expanded into eighteen distinct work systems by elaborating them in terms of various configurations along four elements of job quality: wages, security, training and promotion opportunities, and work intensity. While the typology can be reduced to three job types (good jobs, bad jobs and humdrum-but-decent jobs), the expanded typology is useful for the qualitative analysis of the institution dynamics of competition within which any particular organization operates.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fs5129s Wed, 12 Oct 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Vidal, Matt https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5qz0x0wh <p>In China, compulsory land acquisition is an activity dominated by the government transferring the land ownership from collective owned to state owned. The compensation for expropriated farmers is the core issue in this process. Different from those experiences of developed countries, the range of compensation in China is not determined on the basis of the market price of land since there is no market for land ownership trading. After land acquisition, the government gets high land grant fees from granting land-use rights to developers. Land grant fees functions as the market price of land. Compensation for expropriated farmers is only a small part of it. According to our estimation, the number of expropriated farmers is larger than 83 million. Expropriated farmers are exposed to the risk of future impoverishment with inadequate compensation and they may even turn into members of the most vulnerable group. Therefore, there are a lot of concerns about them. In this paper, we... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5qz0x0wh Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Zhang, Xueying Lu, Haiyuan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5xz8p7bk <p>Building on strategic human resource management (SHRM) literature, we investigate the effect of human resource development (HRD) on the operational and financial performance of manufacturing organizations. We identify four different approaches to HRD that reflect management-driven or employee-focused HRD efforts with either quantitative or qualitative focus. We further propose that HRD practices predict organizational performance by shaping the competence and commitment of employees that reflect the prevailing, untested assumption in the SHRM literature. Multi-source data collected from 207 manufacturing companies at three time points over a five-year period largely support our theoretical propositions. Financial investment and managerial support for HRD show positive effects on employee commitment but not on competence. Perceived benefits of HRD enhance both employee competence and commitment, whereas the amount of participation in HRD is not a meaningful predictor of those... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5xz8p7bk Thu, 3 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Young Sung, Sun Choi, Jin Nam https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4fx5h94k False Dawn? Los Angeles Labor's Recent Growth and Future Prospects https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4fx5h94k Tue, 1 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Laslett, JHM https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1bc8f6dc Government by (Hot) Checks and (Im) Balances: California's State Budget from the May 2009 Voter Rejection to the Octobr 2010 Budget Deal https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1bc8f6dc Mon, 24 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Mitchell, Daniel JB https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rk031zq <p>The study explores the dynamics of moonlighting and association of occupations between primary and secondary job. The paper is based on cross-section data Labor Force Survey 2006-07 and limited to male wage workers residing in urban areas. Among two motives according to theoretical framework of moonlighting; first, constraint on hours worked in first job and second is wage rate is lower than the reservation wage in the primary occupation; within limited information available on different variables our results support the first motive and earnings from the primary occupation are insignificant in moonlighting decision. The model specification also attempts to correct the endogenous regressor in probit estimation. Among moonlighters ‘Professionals’ and ‘Technicians’ are holding their secondary jobs in same occupational category; apart from these two occupational categories managers and elementary occupations also seems popular for moonlighting.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rk031zq Tue, 18 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Hyder, Asma Ahmed, Ather Maqsood https://escholarship.org/uc/item/47x6w3gh LABOUR MIGRATION IN EUROPEAN UNION: About a new European Union policy: common immigration policy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/47x6w3gh Mon, 13 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0000 Serrano Arguello, Noemi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2bt5m91g <p>In this essay I systematically incorporate empirical work on the increase in labor market insecurity and income inequality into a regulation theoretic framework for analyzing macroeconomic growth. In particular, I link well-known problems in the American labor market that have been increasing over the last four decades to the ongoing problem of slow macroeconomic growth. The rise of job polarization and income inequality coincides with a long period of stagnation, both continuing through to the present (with the exception of a brief period of strong growth and declining inequality in the second half of the 1990s). I argue that both sets of problems – labor market insecurity and slow growth – can be traced to a changing institutional configuration in the political economy whereby the institutions supporting upward mobility and middle-class incomes in the economy have been eroded by the twin forces of internationalization (leading to the reemergence of wage-based competition)... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2bt5m91g Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0000 Vidal, Matt https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9n98d9wq <p>The United States is undergoing what in many ways is its most profound economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Great Recession, as it is popularly called, is having a devastating impact on U.S. workers. In this context, U.S. unions, workers’ most important advocates, have been vociferous in calling for financial reform, job creation, and other strong policy measures. However, whereas the Great Depression in the United States saw labor engaged in dramatic mass mobilizations, large-scale militant actions, and a powerful role in promoting policy changes, the current economic slump the U.S. labor movement has accomplished none of these things. At first glance, this absence may seem surprising. However, I will argue, expanding on an earlier analysis by Milkman (2010) that in fact, it is a relatively unsurprising outcome of both long-term historical trends and shorter-term conjunctural factors.</p><p>The paper makes this case in four sections. First, I briefly... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9n98d9wq Tue, 7 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0000 Tilly, Chris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8727p3gd <p>We establish that the birth year in China is related to educational attainment because of the superstitious believes that the girls who were born in the “sheep” year will suffer bad luck, and the education system. The crude birth rate declined in the “sheep” year and schools response to the fluctuations by class size in the short run because there were no binding constraints on the class size in China. We estimate the return to education by using birth year as an instrument for schooling.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8727p3gd Fri, 16 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0000 Du, Fenglian https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53b6q84v <p>In this paper, I will instead show how the Jewish bakers of Los Angeles used their position in the ethnic enclave economy as a source of strength, harnessing the power of their community through consumer-oriented strategies and tactics. Two strategies in particular cultivated connections between the politics of labor and the politics of consumption within the immigrant working-class: union labels and the Cooperative bakery. Both strategies employed food as a medium of social action, “buying union” baked goods becoming synonymous with “buying Jewish,” linking consumption to the expression of Jewish identity in Los Angeles. This paper will explore the strategic-decision making of the Jewish Bakers’ Union of Los Angeles, Local 453 of the Bakery and Confectionery Workers International Union (B&amp;C) of the American Federation of Labor in the 1920s and how their involvement in the ethnic enclave economy functioned as uniquely powerful community organizing model.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53b6q84v Wed, 14 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0000 Luce, Caroline https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3h22r900 <p>This paper re-measures the labor’s share of GDP since the reform and opening up by amending and supplementing the corresponding data during 2004 to 2007. We find that the labor’s share decreases steadily after 1998. The paper also further divides labor into raw labor and human capital. By using the individual level data of UHS, we find the human capital’s share has increased rapidly while the raw labor’s share decreases steadily during 1988 to 2007. By using extended MRW growth framework, we find that the movement of China’s national income distribution pattern is closely related to the unbalanced growth of three factors which are physical capital, human capital and raw labor. The high growth rate of physical and human capital bring upward trend of their income share, while the stagnant state of raw labor will bring its share to decrease rapidly. By using various sources of factor growth data from 1995 to 2007, we confirm the inference of the extended model. And we find that... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3h22r900 Wed, 14 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0000 Minghai, Zhou Wen, Xiao Xianguo, Yao https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sw3w9bd <p>An entry barrier in the labor market can be an important source of wage inequality. This paper finds that social networks, father’s education and political status, and urban household registration status (hukou identity), as well as their own education, experience, age, and gender, help people enter high-wage industries. When contrasting coastal and inland samples, after instrumenting social networks by household political identity (based on classifications during the land reform in the 1950s), we find that social networks are more helpful for entering high-wage industries. The implication of this paper is: breaking industrial entry barriers in the urban labor market is an essential policy in order to control inter-industrial wage inequality in urban China.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sw3w9bd Mon, 12 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0000 Chen, Zhao Lu, Ming Sato, Hiroshi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6w6062g2 <p>In recent years, Brazil has seen an increase in formal employment, the raising of the minimum wage, a recovery in the purchasing power of the average wage, a drop in open unemployment and curbs on unprotected subcontracting. Average household incomes have risen and poverty has declined. How was this achieved? This paper argues that a minimum wage revaluation policy, broader social security coverage, income transfers and improved wage bargaining have all contributed to a reduction in inequality. The shift in labour market indicators is, they believe, conditioned by Brazil’s economic dynamics, public policy on the raising of incomes, and a legal and institutional framework in which the public institutions and the trade unions play a prominent role. The authors advocate the creation of a development model that distributes income and dignifies citizens.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6w6062g2 Mon, 12 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0000 de Andrade Baltar, Paulo Eduardo dos Santos, Anselmo Luis Krein, Jose Dari Leone, Eugenia Weishaupt Proni, Marcelo Moretto, Amilton Gori Maia, Alexandre Salas, Carlos https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rv06108 <p>We study the determinants of wage inequality in 16 OECD countries in the last two decades of the twentieth century. We find that these are quite different in the 1980s than in the 1990s. In the 1980s, growing wage dispersion is due to changes in the institutions of the labor market. Declining unionization and declines in the level at which wages are bargained collectively both contribute to widening pay dispersion in the 1980s. In the 1990s, by contrast, increases in pay inequality are due to increasing trade with less developed nations. To the extent that low-pay workers have been protected from rising wage differentials in the 1990s, it has been because of government policy, in the form of social insurance, and not thanks to labor organizations. This is the first study to report that the causes for pay inequality differed between the 1980s and the 1990s.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rv06108 Fri, 12 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0000 Golden, Miriam Wallerstein, Michael https://escholarship.org/uc/item/87p115d6 Modelos de Producción y Mercado de Trabajo de los Profesionistas en México https://escholarship.org/uc/item/87p115d6 Mon, 8 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0000 de la Garza Toledo, Enrique Gaspar, Héctor https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bd4j4tr Change and Continuity in Labor Relations in Mexico at the Beginning of the 21st Century https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bd4j4tr Mon, 8 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0000 de la Garza Toledo, Enrique https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dg9877r Trabajo Cognitivo y Control Sobre el Proceso de Trabajo: La Producción de Software https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dg9877r Mon, 8 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0000 de la Garza Toledo, Enrique Rodríguez Gutiérrez, J. Guadalupe https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6368j4m3 <p>We evaluate recent revisions of assimilation theory by comparing the labor market performance of Mexican immigrants and their descendents to those of native white and Black Americans. Using unique data from the CPS Contingent Worker Series, we measure the employment sector distribution, fringe benefits, and earnings of four Mexican foreign born cohorts, second generation, and third generation Mexican Americans. We find little evidence that Mexican Americans are clustered in nonstandard work, noting instead improvement in benefits and pay amongst older cohorts and the second and third generation. However, all Mexican origin workers are disadvantaged relative to native whites in terms of benefits. It is only within the public sector that the labor market outcomes of Mexican origin workers fully converge with native whites.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6368j4m3 Tue, 2 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0000 Waldinger, Roger Reichl Luthra, Renee https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5bf4c8br <p>The New Deal had a central theme: economic security. But it lacked an economic model for achieving it. Although New Deal remedies are sometimes described as Keynesian, they were not based on Keynes and his macroeconomic model. Rather, there was a hodge-podge of theories and approaches, shifts in direction, contradictions, and a lack of timely empirical data on which to base policy. In contrast, the Obama administration, facing the Great Recession, has a (new) Keynesian model, but no central theme. The current agenda is diffuse, perhaps a reflection of a broader range of economic problems and social issues.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5bf4c8br Fri, 29 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0000 Mitchell, Daniel JB https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6cw286pv The Effects of Human Resource Development Investment and Learning Practices on Innovative Performance of Organizations https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6cw286pv Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0000 Choi, Jin Nam https://escholarship.org/uc/item/37m0k0v5 Beyond “contratos de protección”: Strong and weak unionism in Mexican retail enterprises https://escholarship.org/uc/item/37m0k0v5 Mon, 6 Jul 2009 00:00:00 +0000 Tilly, Chris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4nq4s392 Participatory planning in a rural Mexican village: Lessons for community development and planning education https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4nq4s392 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 00:00:00 +0000 Kennedy, Marie Tilly, Chris Arce, Mercedes https://escholarship.org/uc/item/14r1s460 Transformative Planning for Community Development https://escholarship.org/uc/item/14r1s460 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 00:00:00 +0000 Kennedy, Marie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20p3h64t <p>This paper suggests that the concept of diversity carries different meanings for majority (e.g., men, Whites) and minority (e.g., women, racial minorities) group members. Because diversity is in-group relevant for minority but not majority group members, group-interest may motivate minority but not majority group members to define diversity in ways that maximize benefits for the in-group. One such way is for minorities to define diversity in a relatively complex manner – that is, as entailing both the numerical and structural representation of minorities in an organization. Majority group members, on the other hand, since they are not motivated by group-interest, may define diversity as simply entailing minorities’ numerical representation. Four studies tested these hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20p3h64t Thu, 14 May 2009 00:00:00 +0000 Unzueta, Miguel M. Binning, Kevin R. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/06s2s5jr Mexican Immigrants in an Unequal America: Starting out at the bottom, moving ahead? https://escholarship.org/uc/item/06s2s5jr Mon, 2 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0000 Waldinger, Roger https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8rn2h9ch Economic Crisis and the Logistics Industry: Financial Insecurity for Warehouse Workers in the Inland Empire https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8rn2h9ch Thu, 26 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0000 Bonacich, Edna De Lara, Juan David https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tw7575x Day Labor Worker Centers: New Approaches to Protecting Labor Standards in the Informal Economy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tw7575x Thu, 26 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0000 Meléndez, Edwin Theodore, Nik Valenzuela, Abel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2037d9f7 Raw Encounters: Chinese Managers, African Workers and the Politics of Casualization in Africa’s Chinese Enclaves https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2037d9f7 Thu, 26 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0000 Lee, Ching Kwan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vw74962 Why it’s harder (and different) for single mothers: Gender, motherhood, labor markets and public work supports https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vw74962 Wed, 25 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0000 Albelda, Randy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6k91m7mk <p>For those concerned with job quality in the United States, the retail industry commands attention. Retail is not only the largest low-wage industry in the country’s economy; it is the largest industry, period. It generates numerous entry level jobs for those with limited formal training. Hourly wages of nonsupervisory workers in retail languish at about three-quarters the national average. Retail is a very important employer of young workers. Its workforce is also disproportionately female. Women are concentrated in particular retail sub-sectors and some minority groups seem to remain employed in retail over time. At the same time, retail jobs—at least, those involving direct interaction with consumers—are geographically anchored, offering a potential leverage point for policies to improve job quality.</p><p>We place retailers’ business strategies at the center of our analysis and trace the connections between corporate strategy and job quality. We focus on three main dimensions... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6k91m7mk Wed, 25 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0000 Carré, Françoise Tilly, Chris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xm5f2nj <p>This paper has been published as Chapter 1 of Annette Bernhardt, Heather Boushey, Laura Dresser, and Chris Tilly, eds., The Gloves-Off Economy: Workplace Standards at the Bottom of America’s Labor Market (Cornell University Press, 2008). For more information on that volume, please go to: http://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/cup_detail.taf?ti_id=5301</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xm5f2nj Wed, 25 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0000 Bernhardt, Annette Boushey, Heather Dresser, Laura Tilly, Chris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/33g1508j <p>The coordination of wage bargaining has been used to explain everything from inequality to unemployment in rich democracies. Yet there has been little theoretical work and almost no quantitative empirical work exploring the determinants of bargaining coordination. Others hypothesize that centralized bargaining depends on the ability of peak associations to control the strike activities of their aliates. I argue formally that more unequally distributed resources across unions should inhibit the centralization of strike powers in union federations. Using membership as a proxy for union resources, I find empirical support for this hypothesis in a panel of 15 OECD democracies, 1955-92. I then show that the centralization of strike powers is a strong predictor of coordinated bargaining. I also �nd that the in uence of other variables purported to explain bargaining coordination (trade, country size, party systems fragmentation, government partisanship, and federalism) ow only through... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/33g1508j Wed, 25 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0000 Ahlquist, John https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rc1555d Work-Based Social Support in the United States: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rc1555d Wed, 25 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0000 Boushey, Heather Tilly, Chris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6w3620jj <p>There is a serious problem with the labor and employment law system in the United States today. Unions have declined to the point where they represent less than 8 per cent of the private sector workforce, employee wages have stagnated for more than three decades, employers are cutting back on workers’ health insurance and pensions, and there is a dramatic growth in the numbers of the working poor. At the same time, there has been a rising chorus of complaints from labor scholars that the labor law has become “ossified, that the law is failing to offer meaningful worker protection, that the courts and Labor Board have abandoned the “core values of labor law,” and that Congress has defunded the labor protective agencies such as the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Hour and Wage Division that administers the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Indeed, some have contended that over the past two decades, there... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6w3620jj Wed, 11 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0000 Stone, Katherine https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bb807jq <p>We live in an era of financialization. Since 1980, capital markets have expanded around the world; capital shuttles the global instantaneously. Shareholder concerns drive executive decision making and compensation, while the fluctuations of stock markets are a source of public anxiety. So are the financial scandals that have regularly occurred in recent years: junk bonds in the 1980s; lax accounting and stock manipulation in the early 2000s; and debt securitization today. We also live in an era of rising income inequality and employment risk. The gaps between top and bottom incomes and between top and middle incomes have widened since 1980. Greater risk takes various forms, such as wage and employment volatility and the shift from employers to employees of responsibility for pensions and, in the United States, for health insurance. There is an enormous literature on financial development and another on inequality. But relatively few studies consider the intersection... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bb807jq Wed, 11 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0000 Jacoby, Sanford https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4pf948h2 <p> <em>Building on Polanyi’s concept of the “double-movement” through which society defends itself against domination by the self-regulating market, this article sets out some key organizational and ideological hurdles that the contemporary “movement of movements” must surmount to challenge the hegemony of neo-liberal globalization. After outlining neo-liberalism’s failures, it makes an argument for the possibility of “counter-hegemonic globalization,” defined as a globally organized project of transformation aimed at replacing the dominant (hegemonic) global regime with one that maximizes democratic political control and makes the equitable development of human capabilities and environmental stewardship its priorities.</em> </p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4pf948h2 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0000 Evans, Peter