Recent ucimerage_rw items

Prior Experience of Managers and Maladaptive Responses to Performance Feedback: Evidence from Mutual Funds

Wed, 6 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In this study, we examine how the prior experiences of decision makers systematically influence their assessment of and responses to negative performance feedback. We posit that, although greater and more specialized experiences enable managers to build relevant knowledge and expertise in specific domains, they also make them overconfident in their abilities and strategies. Such experience-induced overconfidence further leads to distortions in the performance assessment process, hindering a firm’s ability to recognize and respond to poor performance. We empirically test these arguments in the context of U.S. mutual fund managers making investment decisions in response to fund performance below aspirations. As hypothesized, we find that more experienced and more specialized fund managers change their investment decisions less when faced with negative performance feedback than managers who are less experienced and less specialized. In additional analyses, we further show that the...

Positioning in Digital Markets: A Demand-Side View

Wed, 6 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This paper proposes that firms’ positioning in digital markets involves offering combinations of core and peripheral product functions that add value to customers. When new entrants face demand uncertainty and seek positions that match customer needs and preferences, they draw on external market feedback, specifically customer evaluations of other products, as an input to their positioning decisions. Using data on Photo & Video mobile applications in the Apple App Store, we theorize and show that two dimensions of external market feedback—overall customer dissatisfaction and customer evaluation heterogeneity—convey distinct information about the demand environment. These cues shape whether entrants position as generalists combining multiple functions or as specialists that concentrate on a core function, as well as the extent to which they differentiate from existing competitive products. Our results show that higher customer dissatisfaction is associated with greater focus...

Breaking Free or Locking In: How Socially Disadvantaged Individuals Achieve or Reject an Aspired Identity in an Entrepreneurial Context

Wed, 6 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Breaking Free or Locking In: How Socially Disadvantaged Individuals Achieve or Reject an Aspired Identity in an Entrepreneurial Context

E...? O que mais? Como construir relacionamentos por meio de negociações inventivas / (AND?: How to Build Relationships through Inventive Negotiation - Portuguese)

Tue, 17 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Steve Jobs usou isso para fechar um acordo melhor com a The Walt Disney Company. George J. Mitchell e Mary Robinson usaram isso para ajudar a pôr fim a uma guerra de décadas na Northern Ireland. E você pode usar isso na sua vida e no seu trabalho para obter resultados melhores pelos próximos anos. “E...? O que mais? Como construir relacionamentos por meio de negociações inventivas” oferece um conjunto concreto de etapas que pode ajudar a construir relacionamentos de longo prazo, em vez de inimizades duradouras. Ricamente ilustrado com histórias reais de todo o mundo, além das contribuições mais recentes da neurociência e da economia comportamental, este livro mostra como obter mais do que a sua fatia do bolo, oferecendo as ferramentas para construir uma “fábrica de bolos”. Descubra o que negociadores de reféns e palhaços têm em comum. Como um adolescente venceu a companhia telefônica. O que é necessário para abrir caminho falando para entrar numa prisão na Bolívia, ou para sair...

¿Y? Cómo construir relaciones a través de negociaciones innovativas / (AND?: How to Build Relationships through Inventive Negotiation - Spanish)

Tue, 17 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Steve Jobs la usó para cerrar un mejor trato con Disney. George Mitchell y Mary Robinson la usaron para ayudar a poner fin a una guerra de décadas en Irlanda del Norte. Y tú puedes usarla en tu vida y en tu trabajo para obtener mejores resultados durante los próximos años. El libro “¿Y…? Cómo Construir Relaciones con Negociaciones Innovativas”, ofrece un conjunto concreto de pasos que te pueden ayudar a construir relaciones a largo plazo en lugar de enemistades duraderas. Ricamente ilustrado con historias reales de todo el mundo, además de los aportes más recientes de la neurociencia y la economía del comportamiento, este libro te mostrará cómo obtener más que tu parte del pastel: te da las herramientas para construir una fábrica de pasteles. Descubre qué tienen en común los negociadores de rehenes y los payasos. Cómo una adolescente consiguió un resultado sorprendente con su compañía telefónica. Qué hace falta para hablar y entrar en una prisión en Bolivia o para salir de un...

Perceived Costs versus Actual Benefits of Demographic Self-Disclosure in Online Support Groups

Wed, 11 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Perceived Costs versus Actual Benefits of Demographic Self-Disclosure in Online Support Groups

The Use of Web-Based Support Groups versus Usual Quit-Smoking Care for Men and Women 21–59 Years Old: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Wed, 11 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Existing smoking cessation treatments are challenged by low engagement and high relapse rates, suggesting the need for more innovative, accessible and interactive treatment strategies. Twitter is a web-based platform that allows people to communicate with each other throughout the day right from their phone. Objectives: This study aims to leverage the social media platform of Twitter for fostering peer-to-peer support to decrease relapse with quitting smoking. Further, the study will compare the effects of co-ed versus women-only groups on women’s success with quitting smoking.Methods: The study design is a web-based 3-arm randomized controlled trial with two treatment arms (a co-ed or women-only Twitter support group) and a control arm. Participants are recruited online and are randomized to one of the conditions. All participants receive 8 weeks of combination nicotine replacement therapy (patches plus their choice of gum or lozenges); serial emails with links to...

Enhancing Detection of Message Intents in a Mobile Health Smoking-Cessation Intervention Using Large Language Model Fine-Tuning, Data Downsampling and Error Correction: Algorithm Development and Validation (Preprint)

Wed, 11 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Enhancing Detection of Message Intents in a Mobile Health Smoking-Cessation Intervention Using Large Language Model Fine-Tuning, Data Downsampling and Error Correction: Algorithm Development and Validation (Preprint)

Young Adult Retail Purchases of Cannabis, Product Category Preferences, and Sales Trends in California 2018-2021: Differences Compared with Older Adults

Wed, 11 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Aims: To identify cannabis products according to their appeal among young adults and measure product sales trends. Design: Retrospective comparative study using point-of-sale data from licensed recreational cannabis retailers that include buyer age with birthyear entered by retailers. Setting: California, USA. Participants: Cannabis purchases by young adults (age 21-24, GenZ) were compared with older adults (age 25+) over four years (2018-2021). Measurements: Sales for six cannabis product categories were analyzed using a commercial dataset with imputations and a raw dataset. Age-appeal metrics were dollar and unit sales to young adults, and dollar and unit share ratios (young adults/older adults) where a share ratio of 100 denotes age-appeal comparability. A product category was considered more young-adult appealing than others if its mean on a metric was at least one standard deviation above the grand mean across all product categories. Findings: Flower (cannabis plant material)...

Is this product easy to control? Liabilities of using difficult-to-pronounce product names

Wed, 11 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research studied difficult-to-pronounce product names which are prevalent in certain product categories. In study 1, consumers tried golf balls that varied in name pronounceability but were otherwise identical and, despite direct experience, concluded balls with difficult versus easy-to-pronounce names were less controllable and less preferable. In study 2, consumers were asked to look for a dog that was highly (less highly) controllable for an urban (rural) setting, and the dog with the difficult-to-pronounce name was viewed as less controllable because it seemed less familiar and was less preferred for the urban setting. Study 3 verified the effects of difficult-to-pronounce names on familiarity and controllability perceptions and found preference effects among those with high trait desire for control. Study 4 documented the prevalence of difficult-to-pronounce names on a popular ecommerce site for tires. Overall, our findings indicate managers should avoid using difficult-to-pronounce...

An Investigation of Consumer and Doctor Regulatory Beliefs and Regulatory Knowledge about Pharmaceutical Drug Promotions

Wed, 11 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Pharmaceutical drug companies engage in numerous promotional activities—from advertising to sales calls. Yet little is known about whether consumers or doctors believe these activities are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or whether their beliefs are accurate. We refer to these constructs as regulatory beliefs and regulatory knowledge, and we introduce and partially test a conceptual model including them. Specifically, we surveyed 311 consumers and 104 doctors about 24 different marketing-type activities undertaken by pharmaceutical drug companies, and assessed their persuasion knowledge, regulatory beliefs, and regulatory knowledge. We found that both groups, but especially doctors, had high persuasion knowledge, whereas doctors had weaker regulatory beliefs about FDA oversight; on regulatory knowledge both groups manifested comparable and substantial deficits. This research contributes theoretically by introducing the constructs of regulatory beliefs and regulatory...

Facilitating Adolescent Well-Being: A Review of the Challenges and Opportunities and the Beneficial Roles of Parents, Schools, Neighborhoods, and Policymakers

Wed, 11 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Adolescents face exceptional challenges and opportunities that may have a lifelong impact on their consumption and personal and societal well-being. Parents, community members (schools, and neighborhoods), and policymakers play major roles in shaping adolescents and influencing their engagement in consumption behaviors that are either developmentally problematic (e.g., drug use and unhealthy eating) or developmentally constructive (e.g., academic pursuits and extracurricular activities). In this paper, we discuss two main topics: (1) the challenges and opportunities that characterize adolescence, based primarily on research in epidemiology and neuroscience, and (2) the ways that parents, community members, and policymakers can facilitate positive adolescent development, based on research from many disciplines including marketing, psychology, sociology, communications, public health and education. Our goal is to summarize the latest scientific findings that can be used by various...

Managing in-store shopping disruptions with technology: the impact of self-service technology on consumer control and decision comfort

Wed, 11 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Shoppers often encounter in-store disruptions that can undermine the shopping experience. This research examines how self-service technologies in physical retail stores can support customers in these moments by increasing perceived control and decision comfort. We further examine the moderating role of technology self-efficacy, with stronger benefits observed among customers with greater confidence in their ability to use technology. Across five studies, we demonstrate that using self-service technology to resolve in-store shopping disruptions increases perceived control, which in turn enhances decision comfort, and that this effect is stronger when technology self-efficacy is higher. Implications for theory, retail practice, and future research are provided.

Dynamized routing policies for minimizing expected waiting time in a multi-class multi-server system

Fri, 6 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Minimizing queue waiting time in multi-class multi-server systems, where the service time depends both on the job type and the server type, has wide applications in transportation systems such as emergency networks and taxi networks, service systems such as call centers, and distributed computing platforms. However, the optimal dynamic policy for this problem is not known and remains a hard open problem. In our approach, we develop a math program to model a static variant of this routing problem and use the solution from this math program to construct several novel dynamic policies. In three categories, namely, (i) policies that do not block...

Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Use and COVID-19 Infection Outcomes

Wed, 28 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Importance: Evidence on the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 therapies across a diverse population with varied risk factors is needed to inform clinical practice. Objective: To assess the safety of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nMAbs) for the treatment of COVID-19 and their association with adverse outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study included 167 183 patients from a consortium of 4 health care systems based in California, Minnesota, Texas, and Utah. The study included nonhospitalized patients 12 years and older with a positive COVID-19 laboratory test collected between November 9, 2020, and January 31, 2022, who met at least 1 emergency use authorization criterion for risk of a poor outcome. Exposure: Four nMAb products (bamlanivimab, bamlanivimab-etesevimab, casirivimab-imdevimab, and sotrovimab) administered in the outpatient setting. Main Outcomes and Measures: Clinical and SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequence data and propensity-adjusted...

The Influence of Social Determinants on Receiving Outpatient Treatment with Monoclonal Antibodies, Disease Risk, and Effectiveness for COVID-19

Wed, 28 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The Influence of Social Determinants on Receiving Outpatient Treatment with Monoclonal Antibodies, Disease Risk, and Effectiveness for COVID-19

VÀ?: Cách xây dựng mối quan hệ bằng các cuộc đàm phán kiến tạo / (AND?: How to Build Relationships through Inventive Negotiation - Vietnamese)

Mon, 12 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Steve Jobs đã sử dụng nó để đạt được thỏa thuận tốt hơn với Disney. George Mitchell và Mary Robinson đã sử dụng nó để giúp chấm dứt cuộc chiến kéo dài hàng thập kỷ ở Bắc Ireland. Và bạn có thể sử dụng nó trong cuộc sống và công việc của mình để đạt được kết quả tốt hơn trong nhiều năm tới. VÀ? Đàm phán sáng tạo cung cấp một tập hợp các bước cụ thể có thể giúp xây dựng các mối quan hệ lâu dài thay vì thù địch lâu dài. Được minh họa xa hoa với những câu chuyện thực tế từ khắp nơi trên thế giới, cộng với khoa học thần kinh và kinh tế học hành vi mới nhất, cuốn sách này sẽ chỉ cho bạn cách nhận được nhiều hơn phần của bạn trong chiếc bánh - nó cung cấp cho bạn các công cụ để xây dựng một nhà máy sản xuất bánh. Tìm hiểu điểm chung của các nhà đàm phán con tin và chú hề. Làm thế nào một thiếu niên đánh bại công ty điện thoại. Những gì cần thiết để nói chuyện theo cách của bạn vào một nhà tù ở Bolivia, hoặc ra khỏi một trại khủng bố ở Colombia. Tại sao bạn cần xử lý ghế cẩn thận ở Hàn...

و؟: كيف تبني علاقات من خلال التفاوُضِ الابتِكَاريّ / (AND?: How to Build Relationships through Inventive Negotiation - Arabic)

Thu, 11 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

استخدمها ستيف جوبز لعقد صفقة أفضل مع ديزني. استخدمها جورج ميتشل وماري روبنسون للمساعدة في إنهاء حرب استمرت عقودا في أيرلندا الشمالية. ويمكنك استخدامه في حياتك والعمل لتحقيق نتائج أفضل لسنوات قادمة. و؟ يوفر التفاوض الإبداعي مجموعة ملموسة من الخطوات التي يمكن أن تساعد في بناء علاقات طويلة الأمد بدلا من العداء الدائم. مرسوم بشكل فاخر بقصص حقيقية من جميع أنحاء العالم، بالإضافة إلى أحدث علوم الأعصاب والاقتصاد السلوكي، سيظهر لك هذا الكتاب كيف تحصل على أكثر من حصتك من الكعكة - فهو يمنحك الأدوات لبناء مصنع فطائر. تعرف على ما يجمع بين مفاوضي الرهائن والمهرجين. كيف تفوق مراهق على شركة الهاتف. ما يتطلبه الأمر للتحدث للدخول إلى سجن في بوليفيا، أو من معسكر إرهابي في كولومبيا. لماذا يجب أن تتعامل مع كراسيك بحذر في كوريا. كل مثال يظهر مبدأ أتقنه خبرة المؤلفين التي تمتد لعقود في كل شيء من خطوط أنابيب النفط إلى السلام الدولي. بمجرد أن تتعلم فن وعلم التفاوض الابتكاري، لن تكتفي أبدا بالمفاوضة التبادلية أو التكاملية مرة أخرى. / Steve Jobs used it to cut a better deal with Disney....

Corporate Strategies to Market PAX Vaporizers for Cannabis Use Under Federal Restrictions in the United States

Mon, 1 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

OBJECTIVE: Legal restrictions have limited the overt marketing of cannabis and associated paraphernalia in the United States. This study assessed how one company, PAX Labs, marketed its devices for vaporizing cannabis while abiding by U.S. federal law on drug paraphernalia. METHODS: Internal documents from PAX Labs, dated January 2014 through December 2018, were accessed via the JUUL Labs Collection at University of California, San Francisco. An initial Boolean query of the collection followed by snowball sampling yielded 421 informative documents for a content analysis. Two additional sources, archived PAX webpages and political/lobbying expenditure reports, were analyzed to triangulate findings on messaging and legislative support, respectively. RESULTS: The company first marketed PAX devices for vaporizing tobacco, transitioned to marketing use for an unnamed plant material, and then promoted cannabis vaporization as U.S. state cannabis laws became more liberalized....

Looking under the lamp post? A research agenda for increasing enterprise risk management’s usefulness to practitioners

Wed, 18 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Looking under the lamp post? A research agenda for increasing enterprise risk management’s usefulness to practitioners

P-hacking in Top-Tier Management Journals

Wed, 18 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

P-hacking in Top-Tier Management Journals

A review of cognitive biases in strategic decision making

Wed, 18 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

A review of cognitive biases in strategic decision making

Behavioral Strategy and Strategy Prescription

Wed, 18 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Behavioral Strategy and Strategy Prescription

Unintended consequences of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists medications in children and adolescents: A call to action

Thu, 22 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Unintended consequences of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists medications in children and adolescents: A call to action

Phygital Blackfishing: new tools, new opportunities

Fri, 9 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Phygital Blackfishing: new tools, new opportunities

From Print to Protest: Examining How Advertisements May Spur Social Activism: An Abstract

Fri, 9 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Race is at the forefront of marketers and consumers’ minds as the need for social justice and a focus on anti-racism enter daily conversations. Race strongly influences consumer behavior (Pitts et al. 1989; Sexton 1972), and consumers are increasingly engaging in various forms of protest which attempt to shape markets and organizations within them (Bradford 2020; Kates and Belk 2001; Klein et al. 2004; Kozinets et al. 2012; Kozinets and Handelman 2004; Scaraboto and Fischer 2013; Sen et al. 2001). Though research has established strong links between race and consumer behavior, there remains an opportunity to examine how race influences consumer behaviors that seek to contest the marketplace. This study seeks to examine how perceptions of racially stereotyped advertisements may affect consumer willingness to participate in forms of activism. Primarily, race is viewed as a demographic variable upon which to assess differences among consumers (Akers 1968; Barban and Cundiff 1964)....

Information Cascades and Social Learning

Wed, 7 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Social learning is the updating of beliefs based on observation of others. Such observation can lead to efficient aggregation of information, but also to inaccurate decisions, fragility of mass behaviors, and, in the case of information cascades, to complete blockage of learning. We review the theory of information cascades and social learning and discuss important themes, insights, and applications of this literature as it has developed over the last 30 years. We also highlight open questions and promising directions for further theoretical and empirical exploration. (JEL D71, D82, D83, D91, Z13)

Territoriality and the Emergence of Norms During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Fri, 2 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Territoriality and the Emergence of Norms During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Improving donation service design: expanding choice to increase perceived justice and satisfaction

Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: Circumstances such as pandemics can cause individuals to fall into a state of need, so they turn to donation services for assistance. However, donation services can be designed based on supply-side considerations, e.g. efficiency or inventory control, which restrict consumer choice without necessarily considering how consumer vulnerabilities like low financial or interpersonal power might cause them to react to such restrictions. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine service designs that limit the choices consumers are given in terms of either the allowable quantity or assortment variety and examine effects on consumer perceptions of justice and satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach: Three experiments are reported, including one manipulating the service design of an actual food pantry. Findings: When consumers have low financial or interpersonal power, meaning their initial state of control is low, and they encounter a donation service that provides limited...

Young adult retail purchases of cannabis, product category preferences and sales trends in California 2018–21: Differences compared with older adults

Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

AIMS: The aim of this study is to identify cannabis products according to their appeal among young adults and measure product sales trends. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a retrospective comparative study using point-of-sale data from licensed recreational cannabis retailers that include buyer age with birth year entered by retailers, set in California, USA. Cannabis purchases by young adults (aged 21-24, GenZ) were compared with older adults (age 25+) over 4 years (2018-21). MEASUREMENTS: Sales for six cannabis product categories were analyzed using a commercial data set with imputations and a raw data set. Age-appeal metrics were dollar and unit sales to young adults, and dollar and unit share ratios (young adults/older adults), where a share ratio of 100 denotes age-appeal comparability. A product category was considered more young-adult appealing than others if its mean on a metric was at least one standard deviation above the grand mean across all product...

Responsible Research in Business and Management (RRBM) and the Journal of Public Policy & Marketing: Connected Through Impact

Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Responsible Research in Business and Management (RRBM) and the Journal of Public Policy & Marketing: Connected Through Impact

Empathetic Reflective Response Generation: Towards Conversation Models for Online Mental Health Support

Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presents an empathetic generative model that responds to online mental-health group dialogues with high-quality counseling-style reflection. Reflection is a crucial counseling technique that involves actively listening to the inter-locutor's thoughts and emotions, interpreting their meaning, and then articulating a concise, empathetic response to demonstrate understanding and promote deeper self-exploration. We discuss the importance of empathy in effective counseling approaches and study the impact of modeling multiple text-based empathetic factors on generating better reflective responses. Our model inte-grates various text-based empathetic components such as emotion and intent to enhance context and response representations, as well as three mechanisms for the communication of empathy in response. Empirical experiments demonstrate the significance of our approach through automated and human evaluations in terms of reflectiveness, empathy, coherence, and fluency.

Global Results of Implantable Loop Recorder for Detection of Atrial Fibrillation After Stroke: Reveal LINQ Registry.

Mon, 14 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND: We aimed to quantify the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with cryptogenic stroke globally, as well as separately in patients in and outside of Japan, using an implantable loop recorder from a prospective, observational, Reveal LINQ Registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients developing cryptogenic stroke and monitored by implantable loop recorder for searching AF were studied. The primary end point was incidence of AF within 36 months after insertion. Secondary end points were recurrent ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack and AF-related treatment strategies. A total of 271 patients (61.6±14.3 years, 170 men, 60 from Japan) were enrolled from 12 countries. AF was detected in 28.2% at 36 months. The median time from enrollment to AF detection was 7.9 months. During the first 12 months, the AF detection rate slope was relatively steeper in the Japanese subgroup versus non-Japanese patients. However, by 3 years, the cumulative incidence of AF detection...

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Treatments in the United States

Wed, 2 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

IntroductionRacial and ethnic disparities in patient outcomes following COVID-19 exist, in part, due to factors involving healthcare delivery. The aim of the study was to characterize disparities in the administration of evidence-based COVID-19 treatments among patients hospitalized for COVID-19.MethodsUsing a large, US hospital database, initiation of COVID-19 treatments was compared among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between May 2020 and April 2022 according to patient race and ethnicity. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of race and ethnicity on the likelihood of receiving COVID-19 treatments, stratified by baseline supplemental oxygen requirement.ResultsThe identified population comprised 317,918 White, 76,715 Black, 9297 Asian, and 50,821 patients of other or unknown race. There were 329,940 non-Hispanic, 74,199 Hispanic, and 50,622 patients of unknown ethnicity. White patients were more likely to receive COVID-19 treatments, and...

I? Як вибудовувати відносини за допомогою винахідливих переговорів / (AND?: How to Build Relationships through Inventive Negotiation - Ukrainian)

Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Стів Джобс використав цей підхід, щоб укласти вигіднішу угоду з Disney. Джордж Мітчелл і Мері Робінсон застосували його, щоб допомогти покласти край багаторічній війні в Північній Ірландії. А ви зможете використовувати його у своєму житті та роботі, щоб досягати кращих результатів протягом багатьох років. І що ж це? Книга «Винахідливі переговори» пропонує чіткий набір кроків, які допоможуть будувати довгострокові відносини замість затяжної ворожнечі. Щедро ілюстрована реальними історіями з усього світу, а також заснована на останніх досягненнях нейробіології та поведінкової економіки, ця книга покаже вам, як отримати не просто більшу частину пирога, а й інструменти для створення цілої фабрики пирогів. Дізнайтеся, що спільного між переговорниками із заручниками та клоунами. Як підліток зумів перемогти телефонну компанію. Що потрібно, щоб потрапити до в’язниці в Болівії або вибратися з табору терористів у Колумбії. Чому в Кореї важливо обережно поводитися зі стільцями. Кожен приклад...

И? Как выстраивать отношения с помощью изобретательных переговоров / (AND?: How to Build Relationships through Inventive Negotiation - Russian)

Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Стив Джобс использовал этот подход, чтобы заключить более выгодную сделку с Disney. Джордж Митчелл и Мэри Робинсон применяли его, чтобы помочь положить конец многолетней войне в Северной Ирландии. А вы сможете использовать его в своей жизни и работе, чтобы добиваться лучших результатов на долгие годы. И что же это? Книга «Изобретательные переговоры» предлагает четкий набор шагов, которые помогут выстраивать долгосрочные отношения вместо затяжной вражды. Богато иллюстрированная реальными историями со всего мира, а также основанная на последних достижениях нейробиологии и поведенческой экономики, эта книга покажет вам, как получить не просто больший кусок пирога, но и инструменты для создания целой фабрики пирогов. Узнайте, что общего между переговорщиками по освобождению заложников и клоунами. Как подросток смог одержать верх над телефонной компанией. Что нужно, чтобы попасть в тюрьму в Боливии или выбраться из лагеря террористов в Колумбии. Почему в Корее важно аккуратно обращаться...

Supporting resolution: the impact of supervisors on workplace conflict management

Fri, 28 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose This study aims to investigate the role of supervisors in managing workplace conflict, with a focus on introducing and empirically testing a new construct called Supervisor Conflict Management Support (SCMS). The results confirm a preliminary theory of how SCMS influences conflict resolution and organizational outcomes, including contextual factors such as conflict severity and expression norms. Design/methodology/approach This study uses survey data collected from a sample of 5,123 employees within the Federal Aviation Administration who reported experiencing workplace conflict. SCMS was measured alongside organizational constructs, including organizational commitment, conflict resolution and intent to stay. Data was analyzed using hierarchical regression and moderation analyses to test hypotheses and explore contextual effects. Convergent validity was tested using exploratory principal component analyses and was confirmed via average variance extracted tests for all...

When Does It Become Overkill and Exploitation?

Tue, 4 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This essay is intended to foster reflection and action on the impact of the escalating changes in journal publication practices on our PhD students and junior colleagues. Based on our experiences and observations, we argue that journals, at least in management (first author) and marketing (second author) that accept empirical research, are demanding ever-increasing amounts of data, duplicative studies, and methodological elaborations for publication, and that these are having a detrimental impact on our PhD students, our junior colleagues and, ultimately, the future of our fields. We argue that expecting ever more work of our students and junior colleagues and not adequately weighing costs versus benefits is not fair nor professional.

Exploring Competency-Based Medical Education Through the Lens of the UME–GME Transition: A Qualitative Study

Tue, 25 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

PURPOSE: Competency-based medical education (CBME) represents a shift to a paradigm with shared definitions, explicit outcomes, and assessments of competence. The groundwork has been laid to ensure all learners achieve the desired outcomes along the medical education continuum using the principles of CBME. However, this continuum spans the major transition from undergraduate medical education (UME) to graduate medical education (GME) that is also evolving. This study explores the experiences of medical educators working to use CBME assessments in the context of the UME-GME transition and their perspectives on the existing challenges. METHOD: This study used a constructivist-oriented qualitative methodology. In-depth, semistructured interviews of UME and GME leaders in CBME were performed between February 2019 and January 2020 via Zoom. When possible, each interviewee was interviewed by 2 team members, one with UME and one with GME experience, which allowed follow-up questions...

Lower Mortality Risk Associated With Remdesivir + Dexamethasone Versus Dexamethasone Alone for the Treatment of Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19

Tue, 11 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND: Treatment guidelines were developed early in the pandemic when much about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was unknown. Given the evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), real-world data can provide clinicians with updated information. The objective of this analysis was to assess mortality risk in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 during the Omicron period receiving remdesivir + dexamethasone versus dexamethasone alone. METHODS: A large, multicenter US hospital database was used to identify adult patients hospitalized with a primary discharge diagnosis of COVID-19 flagged as "present-on-admission" and treated with remdesivir + dexamethasone or dexamethasone alone between December 2021 and April 2023. Patients were matched using 1:1 propensity score matching and stratified by baseline oxygen requirements. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess time to 14- and 28-day in-hospital all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of...

Under One Roof: Creating Harmony for Multigenerational Living

Thu, 30 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This is a book about families—in particular, families that are taking inventive approaches to coping with the stresses of our changing society as the United States enters the 2020s after a global pandemic. Our focus in this introductory chapter is on how families manage the deteriorating health of a member. Some families handle things well and some don’t. Of course, one still-popular option is placing our infirm elders in assisted-living facilities. We appreciate that some of you have had the good fortune to never have visited a nursing home. We want to change that. Before you read another page in this book, we have a little homework assignment for you—call up the nicest nursing home in your area and ask for a tour. The easiest way to find one is to go to Medicare.gov, input your zip code, and hit Search. You can also narrow your search on the website by price and needs if you like. Contact information is listed as well as consumer evaluations. But nothing will be as informative...

Enhancing Radiologist Efficiency with AI: A Multi-Reader Multi-Case Study on Aortic Dissection Detection and Prioritization

Thu, 2 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acute aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening condition in which early detection can significantly improve patient outcomes and survival. This study evaluates the clinical benefits of integrating a deep learning (DL)-based application for the automated detection and prioritization of AD on chest CT angiographies (CTAs) with a focus on the reduction in the scan-to-assessment time (STAT) and interpretation time (IT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) study compared AD detection with and without artificial intelligence (AI) assistance. The ground truth was established by two U.S. board-certified radiologists, while three additional expert radiologists served as readers. Each reader assessed the same CTAs in two phases: assessment unaided by AI assistance (pre-AI arm) and, after a 1-month washout period, assessment aided by device outputs (post-AI arm). STAT and IT metrics were compared between the two arms. RESULTS:...

Remdesivir Effectiveness in Reducing the Risk of 30-Day Readmission in Vulnerable Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Retrospective US Cohort Study Using Propensity Scores

Tue, 24 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND: Reducing hospital readmission offer potential benefits for patients, providers, payers, and policymakers to improve quality of healthcare, reduce cost, and improve patient experience. We investigated effectiveness of remdesivir in reducing 30-day coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related readmission during the Omicron era, including older adults and those with underlying immunocompromising conditions. METHODS: This retrospective study utilized the US PINC AI Healthcare Database to identify adult patients discharged alive from an index COVID-19 hospitalization between December 2021 and February 2024. Odds of 30-day COVID-19-related readmission to the same hospital were compared between patients who received remdesivir vs those who did not, after balancing characteristics of the two groups using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Analyses were stratified by maximum supplemental oxygen requirement during index hospitalization. RESULTS: Of 326 033 patients...

Management of Vulnerable Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 With Remdesivir: A Retrospective Comparative Effectiveness Study of Mortality in US Hospitals

Tue, 24 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a major public health concern, with continued resurgences of cases and substantial risk of mortality for hospitalized patients. Remdesivir has become standard-of-care for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Given the continued evolution of the disease, clinical management of COVID-19 relies on evidence from the current endemic period. METHODS: Using the PINC AI Healthcare Database, remdesivir effectiveness was evaluated among adults hospitalized with primary diagnosis of COVID-19 between December 2021 and February 2024. Three cohorts were analyzed: adults (≥18 years), elderly (≥65 years), and those with documented COVID-19 pneumonia. Analyses were stratified by oxygen requirements. Patients who received remdesivir were matched to those who did not receive remdesivir using propensity score matching. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: 169 965 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 were...

Remdesivir-Associated Survival Outcomes Among Immunocompromised Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: Real-world Evidence From the Omicron-Dominant Era

Tue, 24 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND: Patients with immunocompromising conditions are at increased risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalizations and deaths. Randomized clinical trials provide limited enrollment, if any, to provide information on the outcomes in such patients treated with remdesivir. METHODS: Using the US PINC AI Healthcare Database, we identified adult patients with immunocompromising conditions, hospitalized for COVID-19 between December 2021 and February 2024. The primary outcome was all-cause inpatient mortality examined in propensity score-matched patients in remdesivir vs nonremdesivir groups. Subgroup analyses were performed for patients with cancer, hematological malignancies, and solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. RESULTS: Of 28 966 patients included in the study, 16 730 (58%) received remdesivir during the first 2 days of hospitalization. After propensity score matching, 8822 patients in the remdesivir and 8822 patients in the...

The Influence of Social Determinants on Receiving Outpatient Treatment with Monoclonal Antibodies, Disease Risk, and Effectiveness for COVID-19

Thu, 12 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

BackgroundLimited research has studied the influence of social determinants of health (SDoH) on the receipt, disease risk, and subsequent effectiveness of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nMAbs) for outpatient treatment of COVID-19.ObjectiveTo examine the influence of SDoH variables on receiving nMAb treatments and the risk of a poor COVID-19 outcome, as well as nMAb treatment effectiveness across SDoH subgroups.DesignRetrospective observational study utilizing electronic health record data from four health systems. SDoH variables analyzed included race, ethnicity, insurance, marital status, Area Deprivation Index, and population density.ParticipantsCOVID-19 patients who met at least one emergency use authorization criterion for nMAb treatment.Main MeasureWe used binary logistic regression to examine the influence of SDoH variables on receiving nMAb treatments and risk of a poor outcome from COVID-19 and marginal structural models to study treatment effectiveness.ResultsThe...

A third theory: inventive negotiation

Mon, 25 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This paper aims to offer a new theory of “inventive negotiation” as a useful alternative to the outdated thinking of the past century. Design/methodology/approach: The literature is reviewed, and a series of stories is used to bolster a new understanding. Findings: The paper is a critique of the theory of integrative bargaining, arguing that it often limits the creative processes that produce long-term relationships with customers. This paper introduces a third theory of negotiation, something the author calls inventive negotiation. Originality/value: The primary lesson of negotiation courses in American business and law schools suggests a narrow focus on reaching agreements while paying little attention to implementation and the paramount importance of maintaining ongoing commercial relationships. This paper introduces a third theory of negotiation, something the authors call inventive negotiation. It places emphasis on long-term, trusting commercial relationships as...

和？如何通过创造性谈判建立关系 / (AND?: How to Build Relationships through Inventive Negotiation - Chinese)

Mon, 25 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

史蒂夫·乔布斯利用它与迪士尼达成了更好的交易，乔治·米切尔和玛丽·罗宾逊利用它帮助结束了北爱尔兰长达数十年的战争，而你也可以在生活和工作中使用它，让未来的岁月收获更多精彩。《和？如何通过创造性谈判建立关系》（）提供了一整套的具体步骤，帮助人们建立长期关系，摒弃持久的对立。本书以丰富的真实案例为支撑，这些故事来自世界各地，并结合了最新的神经科学和行为经济学理论。这本书不仅教会你如何分得更多蛋糕，还赋予你建造“蛋糕工厂”的工具。想知道解救人质谈判专家和小丑之间的共同点，或者一个青少年如何抗争一家电话公司，或者有人如何慧心巧舌进入玻利维亚的监狱或从哥伦比亚的恐怖分子营地脱身，再或者想知道为什么在韩国需要小心处置你的椅子？每个案例都演示了作者在从石油管道到国际和平的多年服务经验中精心提炼的谈判原则。一旦你学会了“创造性谈判”的艺术与科学，你将再也无法满足于传统的交易式或整合式谈判了。/ Steve Jobs used it to cut a better deal with Disney. George Mitchell and Mary Robinson used it to help end a decades-long war in Northern Ireland. And you can use it in your life and work to get better outcomes for years to come. AND? Inventive Negotiation provides a concrete set of steps that can help build long-term relationships instead of lasting enmity. Lavishly illustrated with real life stories from around the world, plus the latest neuroscience and behavioral economics, this book will show you how to get more than your share of the pie - it gives you the tools to build a pie factory....

Cross-cultural Interaction: The International Comparison Fallacy?

Mon, 25 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

International management studies have been based primarily on the comparison of managerial behavior in countries around the world. Often, these studies have implied that business-people behave similarly with their domestic colleagues as with their foreign counterparts. In questioning that assumption, this study tests whether intra-cultural behavior accurately predicts cross-cultural behavior. Using a negotiation simulation and a sample of 462 Japanese, American, and Canadian businesspeople, behaviors in cross-cultural negotiations were found to differ in some important ways from those in intra-cultural negotiations.

Moral Imagination, the Collective Desirable, and Strategic Purpose

Wed, 20 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In contrast to the prevalent outside-in perspectives on corporate purpose as a response to competing normative demands of stakeholders, we introduce an inside-out perspective on purpose as based in firm-specific, agentic commitments to specific values, ideals, and societal goals. Drawing on moral philosophy, we propose how strategists can develop a strategic purpose through moral imagination that involves developing shaping intentions based in values and ideals, empathetic relating, and imaginativeness in stakeholder contexts. These processes support the generation of an emergent theory of value, which we term “the collective desirable.” This theory of value—a creative synthesis of the shaping intentions of the firm, and the interests and perspectives of stakeholders—provides the foundation of purpose, which is strategic, dynamic, and generative for the firm and its stakeholders. Such a strategic purpose becomes an organizational logic of action enacted through designated processes...

The Imagination Advantage: Why and How Strategists Combine Knowledge and Imagination in Developing Theories

Wed, 20 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

We theorize why and how strategists develop different types of theories when confronted with different types of problems by combining knowledge and imagination in different ways. We propose that strategists’ epistemic stances affect how they combine knowledge and imagination and whether they develop either analytic theories, or constructive theories of two types: reconfigurative and projective. We theorize how imagination complements knowledge in theory development to generate distinctive strategies and strategic advantages. We argue that analytic theories enable conjectural anticipation, which contributes to early timing of strategic actions; that reconfigurative theories posit novel value dimensions and enable industry shaping; and that projective theories articulate novel possibilities to shape desired and desirable futures. Our ideas advance research on how imagination is leveraged in theory development, future-oriented strategizing, and shaping strategies.

SARS-CoV-2 RNA and Nucleocapsid Antigen Are Blood Biomarkers Associated With Severe Disease Outcomes That Improve in Response to Remdesivir

Sat, 9 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND: Although antivirals remain important for the treatment COVID-19, methods to assess treatment efficacy are lacking. Here, we investigated the impact of remdesivir on viral dynamics and their contribution to understanding antiviral efficacy in the multicenter Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial 1, which randomized patients to remdesivir or placebo. METHODS: Longitudinal specimens collected during hospitalization from a substudy of 642 patients with COVID-19 were measured for viral RNA (upper respiratory tract and plasma), viral nucleocapsid antigen (serum), and host immunologic markers. Associations with clinical outcomes and response to therapy were assessed. RESULTS: Higher baseline plasma viral loads were associated with poorer clinical outcomes, and decreases in viral RNA and antigen in blood but not the upper respiratory tract correlated with enhanced benefit from remdesivir. The treatment effect of remdesivir was most pronounced in patients with elevated baseline...

Diagnostic Performance of a Deep Learning-Powered Application for Aortic Dissection Triage Prioritization and Classification

Fri, 1 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This multicenter retrospective study evaluated the diagnostic performance of a deep learning (DL)-based application for detecting, classifying, and highlighting suspected aortic dissections (ADs) on chest and thoraco-abdominal CT angiography (CTA) scans. CTA scans from over 200 U.S. and European cities acquired on 52 scanner models from six manufacturers were retrospectively collected and processed by CINA-CHEST (AD) (Avicenna.AI, La Ciotat, France) device. The diagnostic performance of the device was compared with the ground truth established by the majority agreement of three U.S. board-certified radiologists. Furthermore, the DL algorithm's time to notification was evaluated to demonstrate clinical effectiveness. The study included 1303 CTAs (mean age 58.8 ± 16.4 years old, 46.7% male, 10.5% positive). The device demonstrated a sensitivity of 94.2% [95% CI: 88.8-97.5%] and a specificity of 97.3% [95% CI: 96.2-98.1%]. The application classified positive cases by the AD type...

Consumer vulnerability dynamics and marketing: Conceptual foundations and future research opportunities

Thu, 31 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract: Inspired by the goal of making marketplaces more inclusive, this research provides a deeper understanding of consumer vulnerability dynamics to develop strategies that help reduce these vulnerabilities. The proposed framework, first, conceptualizes vulnerability states as a function of the breadth and depth of consumers’ vulnerability; then, it sketches a set of vulnerability indicators that illustrate vulnerability breadth and depth. Second, because the breadth and depth of vulnerability vary over time, the framework goes beyond vulnerability states to identify distinct vulnerability-increasing and vulnerability-decreasing pathways, which describe how consumers move between vulnerability states. In a final step, the framework proposes that organizations can (and should) support consumers to mitigate vulnerability by helping consumers build resilience (e.g., via distinct types of resilience-fueling consumer agency). This framework offers novel conceptual insights into...

School choice increases racial segregation even when parents do not care about race

Wed, 23 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research examines how school choice impacts school segregation. Specifically, this work demonstrates that even if parents do not take the racial demographics of schools into account, preference differences between Black and White parents for other school attributes can still result in segregation. These preference differences stem from motivational differences in pursuit of social status. Given that the de facto US racial hierarchy assigns Black people to a lower social status, Black parents are more motivated to seek schools that signal that they can improve their children's status. Simulations of parental school decisions at scale show that preference differences under an unmitigated school-choice policy lead to more segregated schools, impacting more than half a million US children for every 3-percentage-point increase in school-choice availability. In contrast, if Black and White parents have similar preferences, unmitigated school choice would reduce racial segregation....

Algorithmic bias: Social science research integration through the 3-D Dependable AI Framework

Wed, 23 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Algorithmic bias has emerged as a critical challenge in the age of responsible production of artificial intelligence (AI). This paper reviews recent research on algorithmic bias and proposes increased engagement of psychological and social science research to understand antecedents and consequences of algorithmic bias. Through the lens of the 3-D Dependable AI Framework, this article explores how social science disciplines, such as psychology, can contribute to identifying and mitigating bias at the Design, Develop, and Deploy stages of the AI life cycle. Finally, we propose future research directions to further address the complexities of algorithmic bias and its societal implications.

Robust Identities or Nonentities? Typecasting in the Feature‐Film Labor Market

Wed, 23 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Robust Identities or Nonentities? Typecasting in the Feature‐Film Labor Market

Political Polarization Triggers Conservatives’ Misinformation Spread to Attain Ingroup Dominance

Wed, 25 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Conservatives are often blamed for spreading misinformation, but it is unclear whether certain situations trigger them and, if so, why. The authors examine situations that are politically polarized, meaning the topic and/or its framing conveys conflict, discord, or disagreement between the two main political parties (conservatives and liberals). The authors study whether conservatives react to polarized situations by spreading ingroup-skewed political misinformation that is objectively inaccurate but not necessarily understood to be false and whether liberals are less reactive. Using a multimethod approach, the authors conduct six studies, including analyses of statements by public figures and speeches by U.S. presidents, as well as controlled experiments. The results indicate that in polarized situations, conservatives’ need for ingroup dominance is elevated, so they convey more misinformation than liberals. In less polarized situations, conservatives’ need for ingroup dominance...

Exploring the Association Between Heart Rate Control and Rehospitalization: A Real-World Analysis of Patients Hospitalized with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

Sat, 7 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

BackgroundIn patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), lower discharge heart rate (HR) is known to be associated with better outcomes. However, the effect of HR control on patient outcomes, and the demographic and clinical determinants of this association, are not well documented.ObjectivesThe purpose of this work was to evaluate the association between the HR control and the risk of post-discharge rehospitalization in patients hospitalized with HFrEF.MethodsData were collected using a retrospective medical record review in the USA. Reduction in HR between admission and discharge (“HR control”) defined the primary exposure, categorized as no reduction, > 0 to < 20% reduction, and ≥ 20% reduction. Time to first rehospitalization in the post-discharge follow-up defined the study outcome and was analyzed using multivariable Cox regression modeling.ResultsA total of 1002 patients were analyzed (median age, 63 years; median follow-up duration, 24.2 months)....

Denunciation and Social Control

Tue, 27 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

It has long been observed that centralized social control requires some level of cooperation from the populace. Without such assistance, control agents are unable to acquire the local knowledge necessary to locate and prosecute deviants. Yet why citizens cooperate with authorities, especially in the most repressive regimes, remains a puzzle. This article develops two models of such cooperation: in the first, authorities actively use incentives to elicit denunciations from the populace, through either coercion or the promise of rewards. In the second, authorities passively gain access to local negative networks, as individuals denounce to harm others whom they dislike and to gain relative to them. Using internal variation in the early years of the Spanish Inquisition (1486 to 1502) and Romanov Russia (1613 to 1649), I demonstrate the differing effects of each model on patterns of denunciations. Paradoxically, social control is most effective when authorities provide individuals...

Getting Away with It (Or Not): The Social Control of Organizational Deviance

Mon, 26 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Getting Away with It (Or Not): The Social Control of Organizational Deviance

Whistleblowing and Group Affiliation: The Role of Group Cohesion and the Locus of the Wrongdoer in Reporting Decisions

Mon, 26 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Conventional accounts describe whistleblowing as prosocial behavior, where whistleblowers are largely driven by a desire to help or improve their organization. Yet individuals are not only members of their organization; they also belong to internal social groups that affect behavior and influence decision making. In this paper, we focus on these intraorganizational dynamics and theorize two ways in which group affiliations are likely to affect whistleblowing. When an individual observes wrongdoing committed by a person affiliated with the same group, higher group cohesion decreases the likelihood of blowing the whistle because of potential whistleblowers’ greater loyalties toward group members and a desire to protect the reputation of the group. When an individual observes wrongdoing committed by a person not affiliated with the same group, higher group cohesion increases the likelihood of blowing the whistle, as potential whistleblowers feel they have the support of fellow group...

The interpersonal level

Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Perceived moral similarity or dissimilarity has profound effects on interpersonal judgment and relationships. People are apt to avoid or withdraw from relationships with those who hold divergent moral beliefs or transgress moral rules. This tendency to distance oneself from perceived moral deviants exists, in part, because morality is the primary dimension on which people evaluate others when forming impressions of them. Moreover, when people perceive a situation to involve morality, they are especially prone to attributing differences in beliefs and perceived transgressions to dispositional traits and defects of character. This chapter focuses on the way that moral judgments shape interpersonal processes and relationships. It approaches morality as a phenomenon that occurs in the mind of perceivers, and one that is fundamentally attuned to interpersonal interactions. The chapter discusses how morality affects person-perception, the basic foundation of interpersonal interactions....

Linking anxiety to passion: Emotion regulation and entrepreneurs' pitch performance

Thu, 15 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Linking anxiety to passion: Emotion regulation and entrepreneurs' pitch performance

Social marketing research trends in consumer psychology

Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article discusses structural changes that have encouraged research in social marketing, including the Transformative Consumer Research movement. It also discusses substantive topics that are studied in social marketing including consumption and well-being, combatting threats to self, improving financial decision-making, and regulating the advertising of tobacco and other adult products. Recent methodological innovations in social marketing are identified, including the use of field studies that measure actual consumer behavior and that complement more controlled lab studies. Finally suggestions for junior social marketing scholars are provided, such as targeting journals that appreciate their specific research approach.

Safety of SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and GLP-1 receptor agonists in US veterans with and without chronic kidney disease: a population-based study

Mon, 22 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: We examined the real-world comparative safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) vs. other newer anti-glycemic medications (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors [DPP4i], glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists [GLP1a]) in patients with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Among US Veterans with diabetes receiving care from the Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system over 2004-19, we identified incident users of SGLT2i vs. DPP4i vs. GLP1a monotherapy. In analyses stratified by CKD status, defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria, we examined associations of SGLT2i vs. DPP4i vs. GLP1a use with risk of infection-related (primary outcome) and genitourinary infection hospitalizations (secondary outcome) using multivariable Cox models. Findings: Among 92,269 patients who met eligibility criteria, 52% did not have CKD, whereas 48% had CKD. In the overall and non-CKD cohorts, compared to DPP4i use, SGLT2i use was associated...

Delivering Guaranteed Display Ads under Reach and Frequency Requirements

Thu, 18 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

We propose a novel idea in the allocation and serving of online advertising. We show that by using predetermined fixedlength streams of ads (which we call patterns) to serve advertising, we can incorporate a variety of interesting features into the ad allocation optimization problem. In particular, our formulation optimizes for representativeness as well as userlevel diversity and pacing of ads, under reach and frequency requirements. We show how the problem can be solved efficiently using a column generation scheme in which only a small set of best patterns are kept in the optimization problem. Our numerical tests suggest that with parallelization of the pattern generation process, the algorithm has a promising run time and memory usage.

How to Conclude a Suspended Sports League?

Thu, 18 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Problem definition: Professional sports leagues may be suspended because of various reasons, such as the recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. A critical question that the league must address when reopening is how to appropriately select a subset of the remaining games to conclude the season in a shortened time frame. Despite the rich literature on scheduling an entire season starting from a blank slate, concluding an existing season is quite different. Our approach attempts to achieve team rankings similar to those that would have resulted had the season been played out in full. Methodology/results: We propose a data-driven model that exploits predictive and prescriptive analytics to produce a schedule for the remainder of the season composed of a subset of originally scheduled games. Our model introduces novel rankings-based objectives within a stochastic optimization model, whose parameters are first estimated using a predictive model. We introduce a deterministic equivalent...

Feature-Based Structures of Opportunity: Genre Innovation in the American Popular Music Industry, 1958 to 2016

Wed, 17 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

We offer a new perspective on how cultural markets are structured and the conditions under which innovations are more likely to emerge. We argue that in addition to organization- and producer-level factors, product features—the locus of marketplace interaction between producers and consumers—also structure markets. The aggregated distribution of product features helps producers gauge where to differentiate or conform and when consumers may be more receptive to the kind of novelty that spawns new genres, our measure of innovation. We test our arguments with a unique dataset comprising the nearly 25,000 songs that appeared on the Billboard Hot 100 chart from 1958 to 2016, using computational methods to capture and analyze the aesthetic (sonic) and semantic (lyrical) features of each song and, consequently, the market for popular music. Results reveal that new genres are more likely to appear following markets that can be characterized as diverse along one feature dimension while...

Information Processing Pattern and Propensity to Buy: An Investigation of Online Point-of-Purchase Behavior

Wed, 17 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The information processing literature provides a wealth of laboratory evidence on the effects that the choice task and individual characteristics have on the extent to which consumers engage in alternative-based versus attribute-based information processing. Less attention has been paid to studying how the processing pattern at the point of purchase is associated with a consumer's propensity to buy in shopping settings. To understand this relationship, we formulate a discrete choice model and perform formal model comparisons to distinguish among several possible dependence structures. We consider models involving an existing measure of information processing, PATTERN; a latent variable version of this measure; and several new refinements and generalizations. Analysis of a unique data set of 895 shoppers on a popular electronics website supports the latent variable specification and provides validation for several hypotheses and modeling components. We find a positive relationship...

Trade Causes Peace; An Essay about One Kind of Citizen Peacebuilding

Mon, 8 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Indeed, this paper is about people promoting peace. Eisenhower’s comments convey the key message of our work at the University of California, Irvine (UCI) Center for Citizen Peacebuilding. We leave the diplomatic talk to the politicians and political scientists and focus on the grassroots activities of citizens trying to get along with one another. We believe that peace happens because people want it to, not because politicians ordain it so. Our ideas are not new. Karl Popper’s “Open Society”1 and Jonathan Schell’s “Unconquerable World”2 make the same kinds of arguments. We just think in today’s world of punitive trade sanctions and military muscle that it is important to remind folks that there are more viable alternatives for international relations and global persuasion. The focus of this paper is on the notion that trade brings peace. My colleagues in Citizen Peacebuilding focus on dialogue building and cultural exchanges, these being very important as well. However, commercial...

Ned Hall Didn't Have to Get a Haircut, or Why We Haven't Learned Much About International Marketing in the Last Twenty-Five Years

Fri, 5 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The growth in international trade during the last twenty-five years has been dramatic. During this period exports have become a more important part of the American economy (see table 1). In 1960 America exported $19.6 billion of merchandise and $213.1 billion in 1985. Exports as a percentage of GNP were 3.9 percent in 1960 and 5.8 percent in 1985. When exports of services are included, this latter figure approaches 10 percent. Despite this substantial growth, America's share of world trade has declined substantially during the period - from 15.4percent to 11.0 percent. Even though saturated domestic markets and increasing foreign competition force managers of American firms to rethink their competitive scope' and strategies [74], U.S. industries continue to lose ground. It is our proposition that this decline in America's competitiveness is in part due to a regression in the country's knowledge in international marketing.

The Knowledge Link: How Firms Compete Through Strategic Alliances

Fri, 5 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Knowledge Link: How Firms Compete Through Strategic Alliances

A Holistic Analysis of Japanese and American Business Negotiations

Fri, 5 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

An inductive, holistic method of analysis of face-to-face communication is presented. Simulated business negotiations between Japanese and American businesspeople are videotaped and analyzed to demonstrate the utility of the methods. Briefly, the participants in the negotiations and trained observers review the videotapes and identify focal points (e.g., difficulties in communication) for in-depth analysis. Antecedents and consequences of the focal points are described. © 1987, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.

Business negotiations in Canada, Mexico, and the United States

Fri, 5 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The determinants of business negotiations in three countries are investigated in a laboratory simulation. One hundred thirty-eight businesspeople from the United States, 68 from Mexico, and 148 from Canada (74 Anglophones and 74 Francophones) participated in a two-person, buyer-seller negotiation simulation. The negotiation styles of the Francophone Canadian and the Mexican businesspeople were found to be significantly different from both the American and Anglophone Canadian styles. © 1987.

Nobody's Grandfather Was a Merchant: Understanding the Soviet Commercial Negotiation Process and Style

Fri, 5 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In their eagerness to capitalize on the tremendous opportunities there, American businesses are venturing into the Soviet Union with little or no knowledge of Soviet culture or negotiation processes and style. In addition to encouraging unrealistic expectations, this lack of awareness not only increases the frustrations of negotiating with officials from a non-market economy such as the Soviet Union, but also severely impedes decisions about doing business there. It is imperative that U.S. business executives understand Soviet commercial negotiation processes and style if they are to be successful in garnering the huge potential of the Soviet market. © 1991, The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.

Innovation Ethnocentricity and the Decline of American Competitiveness

Fri, 5 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

0ne of the main concerns of Congress and the American people these days is that life is getting better in Japan faster than it is in the United States. Many in management circles place the blame on the American worker. That is, auto workers in Nagoya are more productive than auto workers in Detroit. While there may be some validity to this, the problem really has little to do with American workers and how hard they work.

How Culture Works

Fri, 5 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

How Culture Works

Buyer-Seller Negotiations Around the Pacific Rim: Differences in Fundamental Exchange Processes

Fri, 5 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The determinants of buyer-seller negotiations in four cultures are investigated in a laboratory simulation. One hundred thirty-eight American, 54 Chinese, 42 Japanese, and 38 Korean business people participated in a two-person, buyer-seller, intracultural negotiation simulation. In negotiations between Americans, the use of more problem-solving bargaining strategies positively influenced negotiation outcomes. In negotiations between Chinese, more competitive strategies led to better results. In Japanese and Korean negotiations, buyers achieved higher economic rewards than sellers. In all four cultures, bargainers were more satisfied with negotiation outcomes when partners were rated more attractive. The primary purpose of the study is to determine if face-to-face, buyer-seller negotiation processes vary across three Asian cultures. Specifically, the validity of generalizations about Oriental behavior are called to question by comparing simulated negotiations of Japanese, Korean,...

Strategy implementation: A comparison of face‐to‐face negotiations in the peoples republic of China and the United States

Fri, 5 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract Crucial to every business alliance are the face‐to‐face negotiations that occur during the formulation and maintenance of the commercial relationship. Our study of American and Chinese businesspeople in simulated intracultural negotiations suggests both similarities and differences in style. For example, negotiators in both cultures were more successful when taking a problem‐solving approach. Alternatively, the Chinese negotiators tended to ask many more questions and to interrupt one another more frequently than their American counterparts. Such subtle differences in style may cause problems in Sino‐American negotiations, which may, in turn, sour otherwise fruitful commercial alliances.

A Behavioral Study of Pricing Decisions for Professional Services: A Focus on Gender