Recent sio_rw items

Scholarly discussion of issues raised in Paulin's 1995 article: Electroreception and the Compass Sense of Sharks

Thu, 8 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Scholarly discussion of issues raised in Paulin's 1995 article: Electroreception and the Compass Sense of Sharks

Asymmetry across international borders: Research, fishery and management trends and economic value of the giant sea bass ( Stereolepis gigas )

Mon, 18 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Co-operation in the management of shared fish stocks is often necessary to achieve sustainability and reduce uncertainty. The United States of America (USA) and Mexico share a number of fish stocks and marine ecosystems, while there is some binational co operation in scientific research, unilateral management decisions are generally the rule. We present a case study using the giant sea bass (Stereolepis gigas, Polyprionidae) to highlight how these management and research asymmetries can skew national perceptions of population status for a fully transboundary species. Scientific publications and annual funding related to giant sea bass are 7x and 25x higher in the USA, respectively, despite the fact that 73% of the species’ range occurs in Mexico. Conversely, annual fishery production and consumptive value of giant sea bass in Mexico are 19x and 3.5x higher than in the USA, respectively, while the non consumptive value related to dive ecotourism is 76x higher in the USA. These...

An Illustrated Guide to the Southern California Borderland

Mon, 18 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This taxonomic atlas illustrates the demersal and benthic invertebrates and fish observed in video transects made from 378 to 2765 m water depth in the rugged Southern California Borderland. Many of the images show fauna on mineral-rich substrates (ferromanganese crusts and phosphorites) associated with banks, ridges, knolls, escarpments and seamounts. Images were collected in 2020 on E/V Nautilus as part of NA124 and in 2021 with the R/V Falkor as part of FK210726.

Coastal Adaptation Science Needs in California: a roadmap for researchers to advance climate adaptation

Thu, 6 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This report synthesizes critical gaps in coastal adaptation knowledge and technology for California that were identified through a review of the recent literature and policy documents, two workshops (one with adaptation practitioners, and one with scientists from the University of California, UC) and detailed analysis of selected case studies. It focuses on those gaps that if addressed, might best align future research with community coastal adaptation needs. The analysis is the result of a pilot multicampus collaboration on coastal resilience and adaptation between three UC campuses: Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Barbara (UCSB) and San Diego (UCSD). The goal of our collaboration was to generally identify current understandings of coastal hazard impacts and adaptation strategies along California’s heterogenous coastline.

While communities have made significant progress beginning to address coastal vulnerabilities and adaptation strategies, efforts face multiple challenges...

From the Cold War to Global Warming: A Scientific Odyssey

Fri, 20 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Charles F. Kennel is an American plasma physicist who served as the Executive Vice Chancellor of UCLA, the Associate Administrator of NASA, the Director of Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego, and is the inaugural Visiting Research Fellow at the Centre for Science and Policy at the University of Cambridge. This volume contains his autobiography, which not only covers Dr. Kennel's own life but also offers perspectives on the history of science in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, including the author's work in space research, plasma physics, astrophysics, climate change science, and sustainability.

Illuminating the Dark Metabolome of Pseudo-nitzschia-microbiome Associations

Wed, 16 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The exchange of metabolites mediates algal and bacterial interactions that maintain ecosystem function. Yet, while 1000s of metabolites are produced, only a few molecules have been identifiedin these associations. Using the ubiquitous microalgae Pseudo-nitzschia sp., as a model, we employed an untargeted metabolomics strategy to assign structural characteristics to themetabolites that distinguished specific diatom-microbiome associations. We cultured five species of Pseudo-nitzschia, including two species that produced the toxin domoic acid, and examinedtheir microbiomes and metabolomes. A total of 4826 molecular features were detected by tandem mass spectrometry. Only 229 of these could be annotated using available mass spectral libraries,but by applying new in-silico annotation tools, characterization was expanded to 2710 features. The metabolomes of the Pseudo-nitzschia-microbiome associations were distinct and distinguished by structurally diverse...

Scripps Institution of Oceanography: Probing the Oceans 1936 to 1976

Wed, 21 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Scripps Institution of Oceanography: Probing the Oceans 1936 to 1976

Scripps Institution of Oceanography: First Fifty Years

Wed, 21 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Scripps Institution of Oceanography: First Fifty Years

1940 E. W. Scripps Cruise to the Gulf of California

Fri, 29 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

1940 E. W. Scripps Cruise to the Gulf of California

Combining complementary observing systems to produce a basin-scale network for monitoring upper-ocean transport

Tue, 19 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The high-resolution expendable bathythermograph (HR-XBT) network measures temperature down to approximately 800 m along fixed transects. In comparison, Argo floats are distributed throughout the global ocean and measure temperature and salinity down to approximately 2000 m. Over the 2004-2019 period, the HR-XBT network tended to have a greater sampling density near the coast, while Argo sampling density was generally equivalent to, or greater than, the HR-XBT network in the ocean interior. To take advantage of the benefits of each of these observing systems, a method for combining measurements from HR-XBT, Argo, and satellite altimetry observations was implemented. This method produced estimates of geostrophic velocity and transport in the upper 800 m normal to the HR-XBT transects in the Indian and Pacific Oceans over an approximately 16 year period at high spatial (0.1° along-transect spacing) and temporal (1 month) resolutions. The combined method better resolved the mean geostrophic...

Span Sensitivity of Scripps Interferometric Oxygen Analyzer

Thu, 7 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Span Sensitivity of Scripps Interferometric Oxygen Analyzer

Voyage of the E.W. Scripps to the Gulf of California, Account of the Expedition, October-December, 1940

Thu, 7 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Voyage of the E.W. Scripps to the Gulf of California, Account of the Expedition, October-December, 1940

Decadal Strengthening of Interior Flow of North Atlantic Deep Water Observed by GRACE Satellites

Fri, 18 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission provides information on changes to the Earth’s gravity field, including ocean mass. Long-term trends in the GRACE data are often considered unreliable due to uncertainties in the corrections made to calculate ocean mass from the raw measurements. Here, we use an independent estimate of ocean mass from satellite altimetry and in situ density data from five mooring sites and repeat hydrography to validate trends in GRACE over the North Atlantic, finding substantial agreement between the methods. The root mean square difference between ocean mass changes calculated with this method from the mooring data and those measured by GRACE is 3.5 mm/decade, much lower than the mean signal of 15.6±1.8 mm/decade for GRACE and 17.8±5.2 mm/decade for the altimetry-mooring estimate. The GRACE ocean mass data are then used to study the change in the deep circulation of the North Atlantic between the 2002/04/01-2009/03/31 and...

Spatial and temporal patterns in Hawai'i's intertidal: decadal changes in benthic community composition

Wed, 24 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000

Spatially broad and long-term monitoring studies are lacking in tropical intertidal systems yet are necessary to test predictions regarding community assembly. To fill this gap, we examined spatial and decadal temporal patterns in benthic community structure at rocky intertidal sites along the main islands of Hawai‘i. Quantitative community surveys done in 2017 across nine sites and five islands showed that organismal composition differed by site, substrate type, and island. Secondly, we leveraged an earlier dataset collected using the same methods and analyzed intertidal communities at five sites on three Hawaiian islands for temporal changes in organismal abundance and composition from 2006 and 2007 vs. 2016 and 2017. Overall community structure differed significantly across years and decades. Most decadal differences were site specific, such as the fivefold increase in turf algae at one site. Crustose coralline algae and Turbinaria ornata increased significantly across five...

On the evolution of the sghC1q gene family, with bioinformatic and transcriptional case studies in zebrafish

Tue, 21 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000

On the evolution of the sghC1q gene family, with bioinformatic and transcriptional case studies in zebrafish

Biology of the Marine Intertidal Mollusc Nuttallina, with Special Reference to Vertical Zonation, Taxonomy and Biogeography

Thu, 18 Jul 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Biology of the Marine Intertidal Mollusc Nuttallina, with Special Reference to Vertical Zonation, Taxonomy and Biogeography

Overview of the History of Women at Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Wed, 12 Jun 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Overview of the History of Women at Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Women at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1940-1965

Wed, 12 Jun 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Women at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1940-1965

SPICE Mooring Data Report: Description and Quality Control

Sat, 10 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000

The Solomon Sea is an important region for western Pacific water mass circulation, serving as the pathway that connects subtropical and equatorial waters. To observe this water mass transport, nine moorings were deployed in the exit channels of the Solomon Sea as an observational component of the Southwest Pacific Ocean Circulation and Climate Experiment (SPICE). This report details the deployment and recovery of the moored velocity, temperature, salinity, and pressure observations and the subsequent quality control procedures applied to the recovered observations. A summary of the quality controlled data is also given for each mooring.

The Ecology of Patch Reef Fishes

Fri, 8 Dec 2017 00:00:00 +0000

The Ecology of Patch Reef Fishes

Hydrographic Atlas of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) Volume 4: Indian Ocean

Thu, 28 Sep 2017 00:00:00 +0000

The Hydrographic Programme of the international World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) was a comprehensive global hydrographic survey of physical and chemical properties, of unprecedented scope and quality, and represents the "state of the oceans" during the 1990s. This PDF atlas is a copy of the published volume and contains full introductory text. Web access: doi:10.21976/C61595

Hydrographic Atlas of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) Volume 1: Southern Ocean

Thu, 17 Aug 2017 00:00:00 +0000

Hydrographic Atlas of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) Volume 3: Atlantic Ocean

Thu, 25 May 2017 00:00:00 +0000

Hydrographic Atlas of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) Volume 2: Pacific Ocean

Tue, 23 May 2017 00:00:00 +0000

Effects of variations in eddy diffusivity on property distributions in the oceans

Tue, 25 Apr 2017 00:00:00 +0000

Effects of variations in eddy diffusivity on property distributions in the oceans

The Flow of Atlantic Water Through the Strait of Gibraltar. The Flow of Mediterranean Water Through the Strait of Gibraltar.

Tue, 25 Apr 2017 00:00:00 +0000

The Flow of Atlantic Water Through the Strait of Gibraltar. The Flow of Mediterranean Water Through the Strait of Gibraltar.

Flow Structures of the Benthic Ocean

Tue, 25 Apr 2017 00:00:00 +0000

Flow Structures of the Benthic Ocean

Large Scale Air-Sea Interactions with a Simple General Circulation Module; Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics of Quasi-geostrophic Flows

Tue, 26 Jul 2016 00:00:00 +0000

Large Scale Air-Sea Interactions with a Simple General Circulation Module; Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics of Quasi-geostrophic Flows

Suppression of breakers in stormy seas by an oil film

Wed, 15 Jul 2015 00:00:00 +0000

Suppression of breakers in stormy seas by an oil film

Catalog of Otoliths of Select Fishes from the California Current System

Mon, 6 Oct 2014 00:00:00 +0000

This catalog contains images and features of sagittal otoliths from 47 species belonging to 17 families of fish found in the California Current System. We focus primarily on mesopelagic species, which are ecologically important yet are less studied than other species. For each sagitta, two images are presented, one with the sulcus up and another with the sulcus down. The linear relationship between standard length (SL) of a fish and major axis length (MAL) of its sagitta is presented for 24 species. Significant variability in SL is explained by MAL for 22 of the 24 species (n =5-61, R2 > 0.61, p < 0.05). Collection data and geometric shape features of all otoliths are also presented in tabular format. Our guide will assist researchers in the identification of sagittal otoliths of unknown origin and to estimate fish length from sagittal otolith size.

Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces

Wed, 5 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Approximately 280 species of decapod crustaceans live along the west coast of North America between Puget Sound and Magdalena Bay, Baja California, Mexico. Species of the shrimp families Crangonidae, Hippolytidae and Pandalidae and crabs of the Cancridae, Lithodidae, Majidae and Paguridae are particularly abundant. Many of the genera and species either are unique to the North Pacific or are found only along the west coast of North America. Compared to other marine invertebrates, decapods tend to be large and recognizable. Larger crabs, shrimp and lobsters are fished commercially for food or bait. Many species are important in food webs, feeding on small mollusks, worms, crustaceans or detritus and in turn being eaten by fishes, birds, seals or sea lions. Intertidal species have been used in behavioral or physiological research on regeneration, color changes, respiration and symbiotic relationships. Interested visitors to kelp beds and tide pools photograph and observe...

Marine Geophysics: A Navy Symposium

Wed, 5 Nov 2008 00:00:00 +0000

Marine Geophysics: A Navy Symposium

A Surface Recovery Technique for Deep Moored Vertical Arrays

Mon, 7 Jul 2008 00:00:00 +0000

A surface recovery technique was developed for the retrieval of a vertically oriented array which had been anchored at a depth of 4550 meters. The array was severed within 100 meters of the bottom in order to retrieve two faulty anchor releases as well as the scientific instrumentation.

Sedimentation in Submarine Canyons in San Diego County, California, 1984 - 1987

Mon, 23 Jun 2008 00:00:00 +0000

Three submarine canyons have an effect on the coast north of San Diego, California. Scripps and La Jolla Canyons extend almost to shore and permanently trap sand at the south end of the Oceanside Littoral Cell. They are also responsible for enhancing the local, long-term shoreline retreat rate as evidenced by the embayed shoreline adjacent to each. Carlsbad Submarine Canyon, in the central portion of the Oceanside Cell, extends shoreward across the Continental Shelf to a water depth of about 100 ft. Littoral sand is not carried to the canyon head at that depth. The effects of wave refraction over Carlsbad Canyon have resulted in a reduction in the local rate of shoreline retreat and produced a slight bulge in the nearby shoreline.

The first objective of the field investigation described in this report was to quantify the rate at which littoral sand was carried to and deposited in the shallow heads of Scripps and La Jolla Canyons between December 1984 and June 1987. The...

Numerical Listing of Charts

Thu, 22 May 2008 00:00:00 +0000

A complete listing of charts issued by the Oceanographic Office as of February 1972, including most importantly the cross-referencing of old H.O. and National Ocean Survey C.S. numbers with the later N.O. number scheme. This N.O. chart number scheme is the foundation for DMA/NIMA/NGA chart numbering.

The Sea Off Southern California, A Modern Habitat Of Petroleum

Thu, 27 Mar 2008 00:00:00 +0000

The Sea Off Southern California, A Modern Habitat Of Petroleum

Active Electromagnetics At The Mid-Ocean Ridge

Tue, 29 Jan 2008 00:00:00 +0000

The 59,000 km long global mid-ocean ridge system is the site of formation of 20 km3 of oceanic crust yearly. Two-thirds of all heat loss from the interior of our planet is through the ocean floors, 40% of this amount is focused through the ridge. Activity involves complex interactions among a number of processes occurring over wide ranges of depths and lateral distances, including melting of the earth's mantle, delivery of the molten rock to a crustal magma chamber, cooling of the magma intrusion by hydrothermal circulation and volcanic eruption, chemical exchange between hot rock surrounding the magma chamber and the overlying seawater, and even the establishment of exotic biological communities near hydrothermal vents at the ridge axis. These features justify the expanding scientific interest in the study of the ridge.

Transient controlled-source electromagnetics (CSEM) is a geophysical exploration technique capable of determining the electrical conductivity beneath...

The Tasman Project Of Seafloor Magnetotelluric Exploration

Mon, 28 Jan 2008 00:00:00 +0000

The Tasman Project of Seafloor Magnetotelluric Exploration was performed between December 1983 and April 1984 in order to investigate the electrical conductivity structure beneath the Tasman Seafloor and the Australian continental margin. Recordings were made at nine seafloor and nine land sites on a line extending from inland Australia to the Lord Howe Rise in the eastern Tasman Sea. Magnetic field recordings were made at all sites and horizontal electric field recordings at seven of the seafloor sites. In addition, oceanographic recordings were made at several of the seafloor sites, as an additional aim of the project was to provide physical oceanographic information on the Tasman Sea. Data return from the experiment was almost complete and the data quality high. All of the raw recordings have been converted into final magnetic horizontal electric field and oceanographic time series.

An analysis of the seafloor magnetotelluric (SFMT) data has been completed. The 'results...

Offshore Application of Self-potential Prospecting

Mon, 9 Jul 2007 00:00:00 +0000

An offshore self-potential prospecting system, consisting of a portable chart recorder and a pair of towed electrodes, is shown to be capable of locating both onshore and submerged offshore deposits of conductive minerals. The silver - silver chloride electrodes, specially designed for this work, are shown to have a small and predictable response to changes in environmental parameters.

The background noise level is generally less than a few tenths of a millivolt, allowing visual recognition of offshore self-potential anomalies with a gradient in excess of one millivolt over the electrode separation. However, some man-made structures, or areas of geothermal activity, may generate fields large enough to interfere with self-potential profiling.

Laboratory and field experiments show that a conductive body extending from a reducing sea floor into oxidizing sea water, generates a potential field consistent in magnitude and polarity with those seen over sulfide ore bodies...

An Atlas of the Early Stage Stage Fishes in Japan

Wed, 7 Mar 2007 00:00:00 +0000

An Atlas of the Early Stage Stage Fishes in Japan

San Diego - La Jolla Ecological Reserve, San Diego County

Tue, 28 Nov 2006 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this reconnaissance survey was to assess the physical, biological and water quality characteristics of the San Diego-La Jolla Ecological Reserve Area of Special Biological Significance (SDLJER-ASBS) in order to evaluate the status of protection of its marine resources. The assessment included the following character descriptions: location and size; nearshore waters and submarine topography; geophysical characteristics; climate; biota of both subtidal and intertidal habitats; landside flora; and unique biotic components. The SDLJER-ASBS is unique in its inclusion of a variety of habitats: a broad, sandy shelf; a submarine canyon; a small kelp bed; a small submerged cobble patch; reefs composed of flat sandstone/shale ledges interspersed with patches of sand; and a boulder-strewn mudstone reef complex. It thus includes organisms of a sandy substrate, clay-bank canyon inhabitants, many of the rich biota surrounding a kelp bed, and various other rocky-reef fauna...

San Diego Marine Life Refuge, San Diego County

Tue, 28 Nov 2006 00:00:00 +0000

The San Diego Marine Life Refuge Area of Special Biological Significance (SDMLR-ASBS) is located in La Jolla Bay, adjacent to Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, San Diego County. The SDMLR-ASBS is part of the San Diego-La Jolla Underwater Park. The park has a total surface area of 5,977 acres while the surface area of the SDMLR-ASBS is approximately 92 acres. The SDMLR-ASBS includes three distinct habitats: a broad, sandy shelf; a concrete pier piling system; and an intertidal mudstone reef complex of dikes, boulders, and ledges. Therefore, the SDMLR-ASBS contains organisms representative of a sandy substrate and a rock reef, while the pier exhibits a limited rocky biota. This SDMLR-ASBS is immediately north of the San Diego-La Jolla Ecological Reserve ASBS, with which it shares many of the same species and organisms.

Biology of the White Shark, a Symposium

Fri, 8 Jul 2005 00:00:00 +0000

Sixteen papers were presented during the symposium and asterisks denote the names of authors who have contributed to this volume. Leonard Compagno began with an overview of white shark biology and anatomy followed by Shelton Applegate and Luis Espinosa who presented two papers dealing with the fossil history of the white shark and implications concerning the habits and present status of the recent species. Peter Klimley* and Wes Pratt* and Jack Casey* presented papers on the distribution of white sharks along the California coast and in the western North Atlantic, respectively. Leighton Taylor* presented a paper on historical and contemporary records of white sharks in Hawaii. Three papers dealing with white shark physiology were presented by Frank Carey* (body temperature and capacity for activity), Scott Emery* (hematology, cardiac and gill morphology), and Joel Cohen* and Samuel Gruber* (visual system with emphasis on retinal structure)followed by Gregor Cailliet* who presented...