Recent refract items

The Future of Digital Publishing

Tue, 10 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Peer review has long been held as the gold standard for article evaluation. At its simplest, the goal of peer review is to ensure that a published article in a journal has been appropriately vetted by qualified scholars. Traditional models require that this process is either single- or double-blind; the editor assigns reviewers based on subject expertise and either/or reviewer and author names are hidden. In an ideal scenario, this fosters open and unbiased commentary, but attempts at evaluation and rigor can soon become gatekeeping and exclusion. The reality of peer review is often fraught with issues, including...

Navigating Media, Technology, and Narrative: Considering the Digital Turn in Scholarly Publishing

Tue, 10 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Though it may seem counterintuitive to digital publishing, reflecting on analog bookmaking practices underscores the multimodal potential that has always underpinned the production of scholarly communications. In a medieval manuscript, for example, the content on a page might include text, illustration, marginalia, commentary, and rubrication, and the relationship between these elements shapes the way in which the narrative is understood and approached by readers; any modification to these formal features could alter how the content is interpreted, and indeed, scholarship exists that addresses the consequences of such changes from one edition of a text to the next.

Imagining the Future of Digital Publishing

Tue, 10 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

As a journal founded by graduate students in one of the few visual studies programs in the United States, Refract has always sought to consider its own role within its relatively new and often-contested disciplinary field. This focus on the possibilities and limitations of visual studies methodologies is exemplified by our Voices of Visual Studies section, an ongoing, cross-volume conversation between diverse practitioners. However, we have had fewer discussions about the implications of our open access digital publication method, despite the fact that such a format also represents a relatively novel approach to scholarly production. While Refract’s founding editors debated the merits and drawbacks of digital publication, the majority of our conversations in subsequent years have centered on the goal of increasing accessibility: our digital team has worked to ensure that Refract’s format is compatible with evolving screen reader technology and that...

Peer Review Models, Publication Types, Open Access, and the Future

Tue, 10 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

First off, we acknowledge that digital publishing can take many forms, from standard article or book formats that are enhanced by digital visualizations or interactivity to a variety of less text-centered formats. Likewise, digital projects may enter the world by means of self-publishing (Daniel’s main area of expertise) or through more established academic and commercial publishers (Martha’s main area of expertise). Peer review will shake out differently across these contexts, as will other factors around digital publishing, with each presenting its own challenges and opportunities.

What Does It Mean to Be Truly Open Access?

Tue, 10 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In 2016, when my colleagues and I founded Refract: An Open Access Visual Studies Journal, we spent several sessions making mind maps to generate and settle upon a name for the journal. “Refract” is where we landed, aptly reflecting our aim to break up and reallocate how we produce, present, and grapple with the dissemination of ideas. The element of the title that did not require extensive discussion was “open access.” We instinctively knew that we wanted the journal’s content, contributors, and readership to be as broad and inclusive as possible. Because of that, we prioritized publishing on a digital platform. Digital publishing is an inherent characteristic of open access. But what exactly is open access? How does it encourage innovative scholarship? How does it perpetuate or dissolve academic gatekeeping?

Introduction

Tue, 10 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

As a journal founded by graduate students in one of the few visual studies programs in the United States, Refract has always sought to consider its own role within its relatively new and often-contested disciplinary field. This focus on the possibilities and limitations of visual studies methodologies is exemplified by our Voices of Visual Studies section, an ongoing, cross-volume conversation between diverse practitioners. However, we have had fewer discussions about the implications of our open access digital publication method, despite the fact that such a format also represents a relatively novel approach to scholarly production. While Refract’s founding editors debated the merits and drawbacks of digital publication, the majority of our conversations in subsequent years have centered on the goal of increasing accessibility: our digital team has worked to ensure that Refract’s format is compatible with evolving screen reader technology and that we...

Tue, 10 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Table of Contents

Images, Copyright, and the Future of Digital Publishing in the Arts

Tue, 10 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Publishing in many arts disciplines is enriched by, and may rely on, the use of images. Authors have long found the hurdles and the fees for using these images to be daunting, and the move to digital publishing can make this problem worse. Open-access publishing can prove even more challenging. If scholarship in art history, art criticism, visual studies and other fields is going to thrive in a future where digital and open-access publishing are the norm, we need better options. Fortunately, we have already seen signs that a better future is possible, and communities have been creating resources to make it more likely. Raising the awareness of the individuals and organizations in the art scholarship publishing ecosystem about these resources is a crucial first step toward a shared vision for scholarly publishing in the arts: one that encourages academic freedom and broad engagement through openness and a better understanding of the law.

Postpublication, Measuring Impact, and Multimedia

Tue, 10 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

For my digital monograph I worked with a traditional academic press to get my work peer-reviewed by colleagues in my field. But the digital aspect certainly added new wrinkles to that process. The peer reviewers evaluating my work did so before the final version of the project was ready—they did an early review of the written manuscript, images, and some videos, but they weren’t reviewing the fully final published project with all the interaction that was part of the final web-based publication. So I think it is clear that making a direct one-to-one transition between traditional book publishing and web-based publishing doesn’t necessarily work.

We may decide that in the digital environment we should emphasize postpublication peer review in the form of scholarly reviews and critical engagement with digital publications instead….

Front Matter

Tue, 10 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Refract: An Open Access Visual Studies Journal

Imagining the Future of Digital Publishing | Volume 5 | Issue 2

Glimmers of Digital Publishing Innovation

Tue, 10 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

As an exercise, take a moment to consider: What is the most innovative eBook or electronic publication that you have read in the past couple of years? Alternatively, what is the most innovative electronic publication, broadly speaking, that you have ever read? You might be asking, what does innovative have to do with it? Isn’t an eBook essentially the same as print book, just one that you can read on a mobile device? How do you define innovative in terms of electronic publications? The mere fact that you are reading this, however, may predispose you to have some idea, or recollection, of something pioneering and inventive in the realm of digital texts.

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Table of Contents

Sensing Place

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Refract: An Open Access Visual Studies Journal | Sensing Place | Volume 5 | Issue 1

Beyond Borders and Biology: Lisa Myeong-Joo’s Self-Portrait of a Circle (2016)

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Situating the art of Lisa Myeong-Joo in a history of South Korean–Australian politics and cultural relations, it is possible to see her series Self-Portrait of a Circle as an interrogation into the limits and imaginative potentials of the adoptee body in contesting the bodies of the nation-states of South Korea and Australia. In this essay, I argue that Lisa Myeong-Joo consciously plays with ethno-nationalist conceptions of representation and appearance through “performative anonymity” and equivocation toward place. By interrogating the dominant biological and cultural essentialist paradigms of family and state, Lisa Myeong-Joo’s practice contributes to ongoing scholarship on the Korean diaspora.

Moving with joy across the ice while my face turns brown from the sun

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

For Moving with joy across the ice while my face turns brown from the sun (2019), Maureen Gruben borrowed fourteen hand-built sleds from families in her Western Arctic hamlet of Tuktoyaktuk and brought them together on the spring sea ice outside her home to form a short-duration installation in which elements of multiple genres—land art, portraiture, performance, monument, photography—converge. Sleds have always been integral to Inuvialuit life, particularly in the spring when community members expertly pack them with everything they need to live on the land. Hitching them to skidoos, they cross miles of frozen tundra and ice to Husky Lakes, where they prepare their canvas tents and off-grid cabins for the ice fishing season.

Editor's Letter

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

A letter from the managing editor.

Front Matter

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Refract: An Open Access Visual Studies Journal

Sensing Place | Volume 5 | Issue 1

“If You’re Out There, Please Listen to Me…”: Voices of Mourning Through the Wind Phone (Kaze no Denwa)

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Overlooking the ocean, near the town of Ōtsuchi, Japan, a white telephone booth containing a disconnected rotary phone sits within the Bell Gardia Kujira-Yama garden. Itaru Sasaki, its creator, named this booth kaze no denwa, or the wind phone. Sasaki built the wind phone in 2011 to “call” his cousin, who had recently died of cancer. He built the wind phone for personal use; however, after the March 11, 2011, earthquake/tsunami that claimed the lives of nearly twenty thousand people and left around twenty-five hundred missing, the wind phone unexpectedly became a destination for others mourning the loss of their loved ones. This essay examines how the wind phone reinvents the communication technology of the telephone as a technology of mourning that helps the living feel heard by and connected to the dead. Taking on multiple forms, the wind phone offers an interactive sensorial encounter that is not necessarily available through traditional material objects associated with mourning,...

Halophilic

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

These photographs are acts of engagement with the nonhuman world, in forms that reflect the entanglement of the organic and the synthetic. In the Halophilic 2 series, I use polarized light to illuminate salt crystals, chasing color effects that activate the imagination. The colors come from the interaction of light and plastic: layers of various disposable, transparent plastics are put to use as retarders, standing between the crystals and the light source. As a result, the salt and plastic collaborate in refraction to create shimmering constellations and uncanny, gravity-defying spaces. In our time, salt and plastic are everywhere humans are, and most of the places where we are not. These are materials that have thoroughly permeated the physical earth, enmeshing all its creatures. As familiar and close at hand as salt is, imagery of it abounds in cultural expression, from the enigmatic to the mundane. Plastics have become as inevitable as salt, and nowhere near as benign....

Tenga Tenga: Can I Help Carry Your Load?

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

My work can be read as a reengagement with colonial history that seeks to center Indigenous voices, particularly those from Zambia. My latest project focuses on a modest brick monument made to commemorate the Tenga Tenga, Africans drafted as porters during World War I. With this project I aim to remember the Tenga Tenga through performance art as a way to reinscribe their presence onto the contemporary story of present-day Zambia.

Looking Backward into the Future: Thoughts on the Study of the Past, Ritual, and Women’s Eucharistic Experiences in Byzantium

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

As a student of Christian visual production of the so-called medieval period (specializing in Byzantine culture), I have often marveled at the theological richness of seemingly simple narratives that could communicate a wealth of possible meanings in the eyes of their intended original audiences. The mundane act of Mary drawing water from a well or spinning purple thread at the time of her Annunciation (whether in verbal or visual forms of storytelling) could resonate with deep theological significance in the minds of cultural insiders who were familiar with the basic religious beliefs, symbols, scriptural sources, rituals, and other cultural practices of their tradition. Believing they lived in a universe created by their God and ruled by his laws and providence, Christians of the past were taught to seek deeper meaning and guidance in aspects of the material world, their daily experiences, and their communal history, as all these manifestations could reveal divine wisdom and...

Tobaron Waxman’s Red Food: Jewish Ritual, Mourning, and Queer Utopia

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

On January 23, 2012, Tobaron Waxman performed Red Food for luncheon guests at the Raging Spoon, a restaurant in Toronto, Ontario. In this performance from the Jess Dobkin–curated Artists’ Soup Kitchen luncheon series, Waxman shaved his hair as viewers slurped borscht, sipped red-dyed water, and gnawed on other red foods, aptly surrounded by all-red decor. After cutting his hair, a bald Waxman approached the viewers at their tables, serenading them with slow, melancholic mourning tunes from the Jewish Eastern European and Central Asian diaspora. In this essay, I argue Waxman’s Red Food used the context of sharing a meal alongside a ritualistic performance to grieve for the loss of queer communal space. I suggest that in hardship, this mourning process can be repeated to strengthen community relations.

Introduction

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Sensing Place, the fifth volume of Refract, investigates the intersections of ritual, place, and the sensorium: it asks how rituals reify power, resist structures of oppression, or construct senses of identity. The expansiveness of this theme is evident across the contributions to the volume, which suggests that concepts of space, place, and site, distinct as they all may be, are at the same time rich, varied,and overlapping. By drawing on diverse and sited articulations of somatic experience, the essays in this volume explore the ways in which ritual is influenced by its material and ideological surroundings while contributing to the creation of place. This leads us to consider: What can be said of embodiment, a visceral experience of space that articulates place as a site of ritual? In so doing, this volume contends with an otherwise empty conception of space as neither here nor there,inviting the lived, embodied, and repetitively performed elements of place...

Maurice Denis (1870–1943) and the Sacred Grove: Temporality in Fin de Siècle France

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This article explores the temporalities of three of Maurice Denis’ paintings from his Nabis period: The Green Trees, or Beech Trees in Kerduel (1893, Musée d’Orsay); The Muses (1893, Musée d’Orsay); and April, or The Anemones (1891, private collection). All three paintings represent scenes set in forests or woods populated by ethereal figures engaged in processions along paths delimitated amid the trees. I have chosen to name this natural setting “sacred groves.” In the “Definition of Neo-Traditionalism,” Denis defined his artistic practice as the “sanctification of nature.” To Denis, art has the ability to make nature sacred. Denis’ use of natural environments in his works, such as the woods and the forest, holds a particular meaning that goes beyond mere landscape painting. I argue that The Green Trees, The Muses, and April are three paintings that synchronize multiple levels of temporality within them: spiritual, decorative, and mythical. Temporal synchronicity is made possible...

Strange Weather Forecast: Inside Santa Cruz Museum of Art and History’s New Exhibit

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The exhibition Strange Weather took place at the Santa Cruz Museum of Art and History, from April 14 to August 14, 2022. Strange Weather provides a survey of the relationship between history, bodies, and the environment through artworks that span from 1970 to 2020. This exhibition showcases a range of mediums, from painting to installation, to draw attention to the impact of trauma on humans and land. This review explores how the MAH’s recent exhibition acknowledges hard truths within history through art and forces viewers to consider moments that have shaped our current social and political environment.

Mapping Sonic Futurities

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Mapping Sonic Futurities (MSF) combines sound art, listening practices, and ecological research to trace the present and future histories of ecological habitats. The project involves twenty-four-hour “sound vigils” in outdoor spaces and habitats with tenuous futures. During these retreats, the keeper of the vigil commits to being in one location for an entire day and night. For each of the twenty-four hours, they dedicate time to acts of ecologically engaged listening and sounding. This involves making field recordings of the space, performing music that responds to nearby sounds, and/or sitting in meditation with a focus on modes of listening outlined in a series of guided prompts.

Land, Water, Explorer: Place-Making “America” in the Early Modern Period

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

After Christopher Columbus’s 1492 landfall on the island of Guanahaní, artistic representations over the next century worked to visualize the Americas from a Eurocentric perspective. The male explorers associated with “discovery” such as Columbus and Amerigo Vespucci were bonded to the intellectual creation of “America” happening in early modern Europe and were often visualized in littoral spaces to convey their arrival. This essay analyzes the role of the explorer as an essential instrument in the place-making of the Americas. It examines the ways in which the European navigator, through his positioning in coastal areas and the deep sea, became a figure visually bound to green land and blue waters and inserted into developing narratives of the “New World.”

Rogue Masks: Visualizing Multidisciplinary Studies

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

In April 2022 Sheku “Goldenfinger” Fofanah, an exceedingly talented artist largely unrecognized outside Sierra Leone, created one Ordehlay and two Fairy masquerade ensembles for a major international traveling exhibition currently titled New Masks Now: Artists Innovating Masquerade in Contemporary West Africa. Emerging from previous dissertation research, the planning of this exhibition project, and my training in visual studies, this essay explores Fofanah’s vibrant, multicultural urban masquerades as a parallel of my own scholarly journey toward the discipline of visual studies, and the necessity of resisting overdetermined paths and dichotomous categorizations to approach, research, understand, and present/contextualize African masquerade arts. Like my own pedagogical journey, Ordehlay is not linear, nor does it stay in any one lane. Such a rogue mask calls for a rogue discipline.

Public Displays of Affection

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Public Displays of Affection is a multimedia project on makeshift, spontaneous, and unconventional memorials randomly encountered throughout Toronto, Ontario (Canada). Small-scale, personal, and ad hoc in nature, each documents the passing of marginalized and lesser-known individuals. Found in random spaces of civic sprawl, these sites were documented between 2019 and 2022 in public housing, alleyways, sidewalks, storefronts, parking lots, bridges, parks, street poles, and apartment lobbies. If we are all interconnected, death, loss, and grief are obvious equalizers. These ad hoc memorials, disengaged from commerce or the need for social likes, often yield beautiful, community-minded, radical expressions of love.

Strategies of Il/legibility: Lorraine O’Grady, Gayatri Spivak, and Visual Decipherment

Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This essay seeks to explicate a practice of visual reading that respects the dissembling practices of the artist Lorraine O’Grady and the scholar Gayatri Spivak. It interrogates the promise of a visual reading praxis that could respect the opacity and illegibility of women of color in performance and images as strategic complications of hegemonic interpretation. The essay argues for a practice of reading that leans into both the promise and the productive frustration of incomplete decipherment. It maintains that such reading can function as an ethical praxis of criticism and analysis.

Amalia Mesa-Bains and the Archive: An Interview with the Artist