http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/itsdavis_reports/rss Recent eScholarship items from Research Reports Fri, 15 May 2026 11:10:52 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/83s189q9 This report considers motivations, obstacles, and policies and programs adopted at the state, regional, and local levels in California to support transit-oriented development (TOD). Regulatory policies adopted by the state in recent years to induce TOD are discussed, as well as state-led and regionally-managed funding programs. Findings are presented from two on-line surveys of local planning directors, and 51 interviews with regional and local planners. The findings point to multiple obstacles to achieving TOD, including market factors, resident opposition, and lack of sufficient funding for implementation, such as for necessary infrastructure to support new development. The most commonly adopted local policies to support TOD include streamlining of environmental review requirements, mixed-use zoning and upzoning (permitting higher densities), improving bike and pedestrian facilities, development of Specific Plans for neighborhoods, and mechanisms to ease accessory dwelling units... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/83s189q9 Thu, 9 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Barbour, Elisa, PhD Gordon-Feierabend, Lev Kaeppelin, Francois https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9s54q7zq Autonomous trucks raise complex and interconnected questions about public safety and the future of labor. This white paper examines this safety and workforce connection through a review of multidisciplinary literature and findings from expert interviews to evaluate three automated trucking pathways: driverless trucks, truck platooning, and automated driving assistance systems (ADAS). A central finding is that human autonomy teams will remain integral across all three trajectories. Humans will co-design, test, supervise, and maintain these systems, playing enduring roles in pre-drive, front-line (including in-vehicle), and remote (off-vehicle) settings. These roles represent durable labor categories whose scope, skill requirements, and job quality will be shaped by regulatory design choices that also influence public safety outcomes. This paper finds that partial automation is likely to expand more rapidly than fully driverless operations, creating near-term opportunities to leverage... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9s54q7zq Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 D'Agostino, Mollie C. Fuller, Samuel, PhD https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fh1v02k This report develops a transportation hydrogen roadmap for California projected to 2045, building on previous UC ITS work, in part for the ARCHES hydrogen hub for trucks and ports. This study adds modes such as airports, aircraft, rail systems, and fuel-cell light-duty vehicles. Based on a scenario of high adoption of hydrogen-fueled transport, these modes and sectors would use 1000 tonnes/day of hydrogen by 2035 and 5000 tonnes/day by 2045. To 2035, about 40% of the expected growth occurs in heavy-duty trucking. Another 20% is used by other truck types, about 20% by light-duty vehicles, and 20% by other modes, notably shipping and aviation. These shares remain similar to 2045. Trucking remains the dominant driver of demand. Shipping, aviation, and rail are not anticipated to account for an increasing share of demand in the scenarios in this study. This hydrogen fuel system would support around 6,000 jobs per year. Hydrogen vehicle adoption will depend on strong policy support,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fh1v02k Tue, 3 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fulton, Lewis, PhD Lamichhaine, Madhu Lipman, Timothy, PhD Coffee, Daniel, PhD Kong, David, PhD https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rg2r0cj The Vehicle Weight Safety Study provides supporting analysis for the California Transportation Commission’s study on therelationship between vehicle weight and road user injury and roadway degradation required by Assembly Bill (AB) 251, which was signed by the Governor in October 2023. To inform the work of the CTC, this report summarizes trends of road user injuries and fatalities in California and potential factors contributing to these trends (Chapter 2); summarizes trends in vehicle weight, size, and height for registered vehicles in California (Chapter 3); documents the landscape of policy solutions focused on vehicle size that might address California’s road user injuries and fatality challenge (Chapter 4); analyzes the impact of potential weight-based fees on consumer vehicle purchasing behavior (Chapter 5); and, analyzes the relationship between shifts in passenger vehicle weight and degradation of road infrastructure (Chapter 6). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rg2r0cj Mon, 2 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Raifman, Matthew, PhD Griswold, Julia, PhD Brownstone, David, PhD Harvey, John, PhD Stahl, Amalia, MA Atkins, Jon Johnson, Celia Anderson, Michael, PhD Vaco, Federico, PhD https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0jm16498 Public direct current fast charging (DCFC) infrastructure is in an early stage of development, depends on public funding,may not be profitable, and its locations may not provide the amenities that consumers want to use while charging. This report explores topics related to these issues: what activities battery electric vehicle (BEV) drivers participate in, BEV drivers’ spending on charging and other items while at a DCFC, drivers’ self-reported preferences for amenities at DCFC, and drivers’ reported experiences using DCFC. The results reveal most drivers do something other than using DCFC while charging their BEV; close to half of respondents purchase something other than electricity for their BEV, and this expenditure is higher than the average cost of a charging session. The results highlight the potential for charging providers to explore new ways of generating revenue directly by developing stations with revenue-generating amenities attached, or through symbiotic relationships... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0jm16498 Fri, 20 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hardman, Scott, PhD Senthil, Sonali Li, Jiewei (Grant) Jenn, Alan, PhD https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fv269rz California policy has slowly shifted to require analysis of the “induced travel” effect – the phenomenon whereby increasing roadway capacity increases vehicle miles traveled (VMT). For example, the California Department of Transportation’s (Caltrans’) Transportation Analysis Framework (TAF) requires analyzing the induced VMT effects of projects on the State Highway System as a part of the environmental review process. Because effectively no TDM currently used in California can pass the TAF’s checklist for model adequacy for estimating project-level induced VMT, agencies must often choose between estimating induced VMT using either the California Calculator – a web tool that is based on empirical evidence of the induced travel effect – or employ a hybrid approach, where the applicable TDM is benchmarked to the California Calculator’s induced VMT estimates. Eschewing both of those TAF-recommended options, the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority proposes two... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fv269rz Tue, 3 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Volker, Jamey Handy, Susan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9563v33g California policy has slowly shifted to require analysis of the “induced travel” effect – the phenomenon whereby increasing roadway capacity increases vehicle miles traveled (VMT). For example, the California Department of Transportation’s (Caltrans’) Transportation Analysis Framework (TAF) requires analyzing the induced VMT effects of projects on the State Highway System as a part of the environmental review process. Because effectively no TDM currently used in California can pass the TAF’s checklist for model adequacy for estimating project-level induced VMT, agencies must often choose between estimating induced VMT using either the California Calculator – a web tool that is based on empirical evidence of the induced travel effect – or employ a hybrid approach, where the applicable TDM is benchmarked to the California Calculator’s induced VMT estimates. One of the early efforts to use benchmarking is the induced VMT analysis completed&nbsp;for the&nbsp;I-680 Northbound Express... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9563v33g Mon, 2 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Volker, Jamey Handy, Susan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6fm539tw The Rural Counties Task Force (RCTF) commissioned the Rural Induced Demand Study (RCTF report) to review evidence on the extent to which induced travel – the phenomenon whereby increasing roadway capacity increases vehicle miles traveled (VMT) – occurs in rural areas and to formulate recommendations for analyzing induced travel in environmental analyses for roadway expansion projects and regional plans.&nbsp;The authors evaluate the primary analyses, conclusions, and recommendations (including recommendations for the California Calculator – a web tool that is based on empirical evidence of the induced travel effect - that are presented in the literature review, induced VMT sensitivity analysis, and technical guidance sections of the RCTF report.&nbsp;The authors conclude that the RCTF report’s central argument – that induced travel rarely occurs in rural areas because it does not occur without preexisting congestion – is not supported by the evidence.&nbsp;The empirical research... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6fm539tw Mon, 2 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Volker, Jamey Handy, Susan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qk0182c California has set an ambitious target to transition 100% of off-road vehicles and equipment to zero-emission (ZE) alternatives by 2035 “where feasible,” as outlined in Executive Order N-79-20. Interviews were conducted with 16 stakeholders—contractors, manufacturers, rental firms, researchers, nonprofits, and public agencies. Intervieweesacknowledged positive attributes of ZE equipment, but barriers were more numerous and included inadequate charging infrastructure, limited grid access at job sites, high upfront equipment costs, limited ZE model availability, and complications with rental-based procurement models. Social and organizational barriers such as operator resistance, climate skepticism, and inequities faced by smaller firms were also noted. Most interviewees expressed skepticism that the 2035 ZE off-road goal is realistically achievable without significant policy and infrastructure support. Commonly recommended interventions included strengthening site-level grid capacity,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qk0182c Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hardman, Scott, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0476-7909 Karanam, Vaishnavi, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4647-5250 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0p9928s8 The secondary market for zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) will play a critical role in decarbonizing transportation and in bringing ZEVs to lower income populations. Yet research into this market remains limited. Thus, in this study, the characteristics of the used ZEV market, its buyers, and the sources and destinations of used ZEVs were explored. The flows of secondhand, pre-owned, or “used” ZEVs in California were quantified by analyzing vehicle registration and transfer information from the Department of Motor Vehicles from 2016 to 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to examine this market, and the sources and destinations of used ZEVs were modeled using linear regression. Several key trends became evident. First, plug-in hybrids appear to be entering the used market at higher rates than battery electric vehicles. Second, there was a net gain of used ZEVs into disadvantaged communities over the study period. Finally, the number of households in the highest income brackets... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0p9928s8 Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Tal, Gil, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7843-3664 Ramadoss, Trisha https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5863-5840 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0wc135vt The transition to a decarbonized energy system is creating significant changes in the electricity distribution grid, particularly with the rapid uptake of electric vehicles (EVs). This study explores the equity implications of these changes by analyzing needed distribution grid upgrades across various communities in California. Utilizing real-world distribution grid data and detailed simulations of light-duty, medium-duty, and heavy-duty EV charging behavior, we assess the spatial disparities in grid resource upgrade needs and utilization. Our findings show that by 2035, with the growth in EV charging demand, high-density residential areas are expected to have a higher fraction of feeders (neighborhood electric lines and transformers) that will need an upgrade. Additionally, communities with higher CalEnviroScreen scores (indicating greater pollution and socioeconomic burdens) generally exhibit lower EV adoption rates and are expected to have a higher share of feeders that will... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0wc135vt Fri, 19 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Li, Yanning, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9203-4114 Jenn, Alan, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4232-0697 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rc1x58z People with low incomes often face difficulties traveling because of a dearth of affordable and reliable transportation modes, and this has profound quality-of-life implications. In this longitudinal partial randomized controlled trial of universal basic mobility wallets, the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA Metro) provided nearly 1,000 residents with prepaid debit cards loaded with $150 in transportation funds per month for 12 months beginning in May 2023. These could be used to pay for local and regional transit, carsharing, car rentals, ridehailing, bicycle/scooter sharing, and merchandise purchased at local bicycle shops. Analysis of surveys before and during the pilot showed a significant increase in transportation security (0.001), accessible destinations (p = 0.035), and use of ridehailing (0.001) for participants in the pilot compared to people not enrolled in the pilot (control). The study also includes observational analyses for the treatment... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rc1x58z Mon, 8 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Rodier, Caroline, PhD Zhang, Yunwan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3706-4625 Harold, Brian S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6893-2267 Drake, Christina, PhD https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q83t5fd Releasing the Pressure: Understanding Upstream Graphite Value Chains and Implications for Supply Diversification https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q83t5fd Tue, 18 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Ramji, Aditya Dayemo, Kristi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gc0j900 Class 2b-3 vehicles, bridging the gap between light-duty and heavy-duty trucks, represent a critical yet underexplored segment in California’s decarbonization efforts. These medium-duty vehicles, weighing 8,501-14,000 lbs., play diverse roles across personal and commercial sectors but remain behind in electrification compared to other vehicle classes. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of Class 2b-3 vehicle ownership, usage patterns, and electrification potential in California, leveraging county-level registration data, household and commercial vehicle surveys, and qualitative interviews. Findings reveal significant geographic, socio-economic, and operational disparities: rural and lower-income counties exhibit higher concentrations of Class 2b-3 vehicles, while electric vehicle (EV) adoption – driven mainly by lighter vehicle classes – remains concentrated in urban, high-income areas. Commercial vehicles in this class demonstrate higher mileage and lower fuel efficiency... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gc0j900 Mon, 17 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Steren, Aviv, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9784-7221 Tal, Gil, PhD Robinson, Anya R. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9375t56r This report examines the differences in what drivers would pay with a gasoline tax versus a revenue-neutral road user charge (RUC) and whether these differences are equitably distributed among rural vs. urban and disadvantaged vs. non-disadvantaged communities. The analysis uses vehicle registration data from the California Department of Motor Vehicles, vehicle attribute data from DataOne, and environmental and socioeconomic indicators from CalEnviroScreen. On average, a transition from a gas tax to an RUC would cause drivers in rural areas to pay less per mile and drivers in urban areas to pay more. This difference arises because vehicles registered in rural areas tend to have lower fuel efficiency than those in urban areas. However, the transition from gas tax to RUC would have a similar impact on average cost per mile for vehicles registered in disadvantaged communities (defined as the top 10% of census tracts in CalEnviroScreen) as in other communities.. This study indicates... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9375t56r Thu, 13 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Jenn, Alan, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4232-0697 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1nb7s2jn This study investigates the evolution of shared micromobility vehicle design and safety practices in the San Francisco Bay Area from 2017 to 2024. Shared micromobility includes e-bikes and e-scooters. Stakeholder interviews revealed that limited protected bike lanes, poorly designed or neglected e-bike and e-scooter fleets, deteriorating road infrastructure, and unsafe rider behavior have impeded the widespread adoption of shared micromobility in urban areas. There is a pressing need for consistent design standards for lighting, battery charging, braking systems, vehicle frames, and wheel sizing to further improve safety and vehicle durability. Recommendations include expanding protected bike lanes, improving road maintenance, offering e-bike riding lessons, promoting helmet use, and encouraging substance-free riding. Enhancing vehicle security and implementing battery safety protocols are also critical for improving charging accessibility and reducing theft and fire risks. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1nb7s2jn Thu, 6 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Ferguson, Beth https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7319-2590 Blandino, Jordan Scott https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rw5h907 <p>The transportation sector contributes significantly to emissions, with heavy-duty (HD) vehicles responsible for a disproportionately large share. Zero-emission trucks, particularly battery electric trucks (BETs), have emerged as potential solutions to reduce these emissions. BETs offer benefits such as high energy efficiency with low operating noise while facing the challenges such as range anxiety and inadequate infrastructure. This report presents a survey of the latest advancements in battery technologies and primarily focusing on Class 7 and Class 8 heavy-duty vehicles due to their critical role in freight transport. This report further provides information of the status and future expectations of BETs. Finally, a feasibility analysis is presented to assess the battery requirement and operating cost for a 410-mile route from Long Beach, CA to San Francisco, CA. The results highlight the importance of charging scheduling and strategic planning for infrastructure to lower... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rw5h907 Wed, 17 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Hu, Bingtao Ioannou, Petros https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qh42308 <p>Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, young people have become a considerable share of public transit users. However, younger representatives of this age group still face many barriers to access transit infrastructure and benefit from its service. This study examines a Youth Cruz Free program launched by the Santa Cruz METRO in March 2023, allowing kids and teenagers of school age to use the service for free. The researchers were interested in understanding how the program has changed the travel behavior of teenagers, whether it encourages adolescents to use the service after they turn 18, and what factors influence their overall ridership of Santa Cruz METRO. To reach both current high school students and recent graduates, the researchers completed two rounds of surveys distributed among high schools in Santa Cruz County. The surveys asked about adolescents’ sociodemographics, the availability of different modes of transportation, school attendance, and other variables... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qh42308 Wed, 17 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Pike, Susan Affolter, Bailey Smith, Nina Bonelli Lipatova, Liubov https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zz6v9zk <p>Meeting and sustaining a requirement that 100 percent of new passenger vehicle and light-duty truck sales be zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) requires everyone who acquires a new vehicle to only acquire ZEVs. This puts an onus on understanding resistance to ZEVs: who is resistant and why. These questions are addressed using survey data from repeated cross-sectional samples of all-car buying households in California in the years 2017, 2019, and 2021. Concepts of resistance are introduced and provisionally mapped onto <em>Consideration</em>, a multidimensional assessment of what consumers have already done vis-à-vis two types of ZEVs: battery and fuel cell electric vehicles (BEVs and FCEVs). Results indicate that active consumer resistance did not abate for BEVs over the study period, and that while it did abate slightly for FCEVs the probability of active resistance became less dependent on assessments of FCEV performance, fuel availability, or comparisons to conventional gasoline-fueled... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zz6v9zk Wed, 17 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Kurani, Kenneth S. Nordhoff, Sina Hardman, Scott https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2x20p4fg <p>This report develops an equitable and sustainable freight-oriented land use (LU) methodology to support future planning activities, enabling the integration of freight activity across urban, suburban, and rural areas and facilitating the transition of heavy- and medium-duty vehicles toward zero-emission. The methods include a literature review to identify freight sustainable strategies, policy analysis at different scales, characterization of local context, and demand/supply patterns. The latter examines the spatial distribution and land use characteristics of freight facilities and retail/service sectors in the Sacramento region to inform sustainable and equitable planning strategies. This analysis identifies co-location patterns, accessibility gaps, and sectoral interactions using a multi-dimensional approach integrating spatial clustering, distance analysis, population-employment dynamics, and environmental burdens. Data sources include Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2x20p4fg Wed, 17 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Jaller, Miguel Valencia-Cardenas, Maria C. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/201603jv <p>California sets ambitious climate goals that demand a sharp reduction in the per-capita vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Traditionally, researchers have relied on three types of VMT data collection methods – travel surveys, passively collected data, and simulated data – to estimate VMT or understand factors affecting VMT. However, each of these methods has disadvantages for obtaining a reliable VMT dataset. Although travel surveys are an inexpensive way to collect VMT data with rich traveler attributes, they often suffer from bias and errors in reporting or recalling. Passively collected VMT data, such as traffic count data, can provide precise VMT data, yet they often lack information about “who” and “why” of travel. Lastly, simulated VMT data is useful when making counterfactual testing, but they are after all not real data. In this study, to fulfill the gap between current data collection strategies,&nbsp;the authors&nbsp;introduce a WhatsApp-based VMT data collection framework.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/201603jv Wed, 17 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Gulhare, Siddhartha Makino, Keita Roshan, Ranbir Circella, Giovanni https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1m7509g2 <p>In response to challenges with providing fixed route transit in rural areas, many transit agencies in the United States and around the world are increasingly looking towards microtransit, a form of flexible route transit service which can be reserved on-demand, to provide transit service in rural areas. However, the immaturity of microtransit relative to conventional fixed route transit means that the benefits and challenges of microtransit in rural areas are still not fully understood. This paper aims to identify these benefits and challenges through the evaluation of a case study microtransit system—the Yolobus BeeLine. The BeeLine is a microtransit service provided by Yolobus, the transit agency operating in Yolo County, California, and is unique in that it operates in both low-density rural and medium-density suburban areas. By conducting ride-along interviews with riders of the BeeLine service, the authors investigate the benefits of the microtransit service for its riders... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1m7509g2 Wed, 17 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Liu, Matthew Watkins, Kari Pike, Susan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2kk0g5w1 Little is known about plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) ownership, charging behavior, and vehicle characteristics in rural California. As the state works toward its goal of carbon neutrality by 2045, understanding the current state of PEV adoption in rural areas is essential for identifying where targeted support may be needed to meet electrification objectives. Existing definitions of “rural” may also obscure important variation within these regions. This study proposes a passenger-vehicle-based classification of rural areas in the state using k-means clustering, incorporating data on land use, travel behavior, vehicle characteristics, and housing attributes. Five distinct clusters were identified, three of which - Rural Remote, Farm Rural, and Small Town - were classified as rural. Survey data from PEV and conventional vehicle (CV) owners were analyzed to compare sociodemographic characteristics, vehicle attributes, and charging access and behavior. Across all clusters, PEVs were... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2kk0g5w1 Thu, 11 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Robinson, Anya Konstantinou, Theodora, PhD Tal, Gil, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7843-3664 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0px979jj Transportation access is a significant issue in low-income, rural, and otherwise underserved communities in the US, with few affordable and reliable alternatives to car ownership. Carsharing is one promising alternative to improve access among marginalized communities. Grant programs in California have funded pilot electric carshare services. But little is known about the long-term financial sustainability of these services and how their costs and revenues compare those of transit. In this study, a financial model was used to estimate the net operating income (fare revenue minus costs) for Míocar, an electric carsharing service in marginalized suburban and rural communities. The estimated net operating income per month was −$1561, under current operating conditions, and ranged from −$1255 to −$1623 depending on simulated changes to fleet size, pricing, and usage rates. These negative net operating incomes correspond to a shortfall (or need for subsidies) of 68% to 92% of operational... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0px979jj Tue, 2 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Harold, Brian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6893-2267 Rodier, Caroline, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9107-5547 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20t28351 This report summarizes the research to evaluate cold recycling mix design procedures and to standardize the specifications for cold recycling in California. Questions were developed based on a review of relevant test methods surrounding the options for specimen compaction and the difference in strength testing method and specification limits for emulsified asphalt and foamed asphalt. Important findings from the study include the following:• Specimen densities from Marshall compaction are higher than gyratory compaction and field densities measured with a nuclear gauge and corrected for gravimetric moisture content.• Gyratory compaction using 30 gyrations is typically marginally higher than field density.• Indirect tensile strength (ITS) and stability are strongly correlated to density.• Mix designs done with Marshall compaction may underestimate binder and cement content requirements.• Using Marshall compaction to compact specimens for quality control testing can result in strengths... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20t28351 Tue, 5 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Louw, Stephanus Jones, David Hammack, Joseph Tom, Heather Brichta, Miriam https://escholarship.org/uc/item/26j0x5pw This first-level analysis research report summarizes the construction and instrumentation of a test track to study the behavior of cold recycled layers containing 100% recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) materials in a pavement structure (recycled in place or through a central plant), a first-level analysis of the results from six Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS) tests, and a forensic investigation. The six HVS tests covered three recycling agents, testing at two pavement temperatures (30°C [86°F] and 50°C [122°F] at 50 mm [2 in.] depth), and two moisture conditions (as-compacted and under constant water flow). The same loading program was followed on all sections, and testing was continued until either terminal rut (12.5 mm [0.5 in.]) or terminal cracking (2.5 m/m2 [0.76 ft./ft2]) was reached. A review of all HVS test data, together with observations from the forensic investigation, indicates that localized shear failures in the aggregate base after heavy rainfall and issues associated... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/26j0x5pw Mon, 4 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Jones, David Louw, Stephanus Hammack, Joseph Ayalew, Robel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fb6b6x2 To guide databases that track progress on the uptake and use of zero emission trucks and buses, this project identified types of data that should be collected on a regular basis and compiled in a repository, preferably with public access. Funding will need to be identified to support this effort on an on-going basis. Data recommended for collection include those related to vehicles, infrastructure, projections, funding, the spatial location of charging power demand as a function of time, and exemptions from regulations that require fleets to purchase zero-emissions trucks and buses. These data recommendations were developed in part from conversations with staff at California agencies, such as the California Energy Commission and Air Resources Board, and with individuals working on the Alliance for Renewable Clean Hydrogen Energy Systems (ARCHES) hydrogen hub. The recommendations are evolving and could continue to evolve once data collection has begun. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fb6b6x2 Mon, 21 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Miller, Marshall R., PhD Fulton, Lewis M., PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8292-3420 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vq3k9h3 <p>In 2018, pursuant to Senate Bill (SB) 743 (2013), the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) and the California Natural Resources Agency promulgated regulations and technical guidance that eliminated automobile level of service (LOS) as a transportation impact metric for land development projects under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), and replaced it with Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT). The authors investigated the equity effects of VMT mitigation measures and developed a framework for evaluating those effects at the project level. The authors then applied the framework to two highway expansion case studies in California. They found that most VMT mitigation would be implemented at least partially within the project impact areas, as well as some disadvantaged communities, but would generally benefit communities outside of the project area, too. Most of the proposed mitigation measures would not displace existing residences or businesses or pose a significant... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vq3k9h3 Wed, 2 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Kim, Keuntae Volker, Jamey M.B. McGinnis, Claire Zepeda, Melissa Barajas, Jesus M. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/29r3h971 Guidelines for the California Environmental Quality Act require the mitigation of projected increases in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) stemming from highway expansion projects. Quantifying the likely effects of proposed mitigation measures enables an assessment of the degree to which the mitigation program offsets the estimated increase in VMT for a project. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of possible estimation methods for 45 mitigation strategies and recommendations on the most appropriate method for estimating the reduction in the number of miles of vehicle travel that could be expected to result from the implementation of a specific measure. The methods take into account the extent of the measure but may not account for the specific context. In general, two types of methods are available: travel demand forecasting models, and effect-size approaches. For several measures, this report concludes that the reduction in VMT cannot be estimated based on the available... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/29r3h971 Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Handy, Susan L. Volker, Jamey M. B. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pf307sp This report identifies and summarizes the empirical evidence on potential mitigation measures for State Highway System (SHS) projects. For each of the measures on the list, the research team completed a systematic search of the academic literature to identify studies meeting specified search criteria, focusing on studies from the last decade but drawing on older studies when helpful for selected topics. In each of the sections of the report, the criteria for and results of those searches are summarized, including, where possible, the estimated size of the effect of the measure on vehicle miles traveled (VMT). The quantity and quality of the evidence varies widely across the measures: some measures have strong evidence in support of their use for VMT mitigation, while others have limited evidence as to the impact or good evidence of a limited impact; for some measures, no direct empirical evidence is available. A companion report assesses the available methods for estimating the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pf307sp Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Handy, Susan L Volker, Jamey M. B. Hosseinzade, Reyhane https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nn570fd Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), including both battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are crucial forreducing emissions and meeting sustainability targets, yet their adoption has been limited primarily to higher-income and new car buyers, leaving most low-income households without access. To help inform policies that will accelerate access to used BEVs in particular, this study explored car buying behavior, costs, and usage within and between groups defined by vehicle condition (new vs. used), fuel type(battery-electric vehicles [BEVs] vs. internal combustion engine vehicles [ICEVs], and income level. BEV owning, new-car buying, andhaving higher incomewere each associated with one another. On average the proportion of total income spent on vehicle-relatedexpenses is at least six times higher for householdswith incomes less than $75,000 than householdswith incomes of $250,000 or more.While BEVs offer savings in maintenance and fuel cost... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nn570fd Mon, 2 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Hoogland, Kelly, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5791-0767 Hardman, Scott, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0476-7909 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6r21218q <p>Median barriers are usually constructed to reduce head-on-crashes between vehicles on undivided highways. Because of their position in the center of the traveled right-of-way, median barriers could affect wildlife movement across the right-of-way, decreasing wildlife connectivity. The authors coordinated and met with staff from several Caltrans Districts to gain understanding of their issues related to median barriers and wildlife permeability. The authors used previously and newly collected wildlife-vehicle collision (WVC) observations to test whether or not median types have different effects on unsuccessful wildlife crossings of the road surface. The authors used Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to compare WVC rates among median treatment types in three Caltrans Districts (2, 4, 9) for four wildlife species. The primary findings were that there are effects of median types on rates of WVC and that these effects varied by species and to some degree by geographic region (represented... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6r21218q Tue, 27 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Haworth, Lorna Hodgson, Benjamin Hecht, Leo See, Michelle Henderson, Ash Lemieux, Shannon Morris, Laura Waetjen, David Shilling, Fraser https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7px6m4wx <p>Transportation infrastructure construction and maintenance consume energy and finite resources, and have substantial environmental impacts, primarily from the manufacturing of cement, concrete, asphalt, and steel. New feedstock materials and technologies for producing these materials can result in lower life cycle costs, use of local materials, creation of local employment, and reduced environmental impacts. These goals point to the urgent need for adopting innovative alternatives. However, implementation requires confidence on the part of materials producers, contractors, and infrastructure owners that the new materials and technologies can achieve these goals. Implementation demands rigorous testing, risk management, and stakeholder confidence in the engineering performance, environmental benefits, and economic viability of new materials and technologies. This report introduces a structured evaluation framework, “Lab2Slab2Practice,” aimed at accelerating the adoption of these... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7px6m4wx Mon, 5 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Nassiri, Somayeh Harvey, John Miller, Sabbie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xg2q30p <p>A robust body of empirical research demonstrates that as roadway supply increases, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) generally does, too. The evidence is particularly strong with respect to major roadways, like interstate highways (class 1), other freeways and expressways (class 2), and principal arterials (class 3). However, previous literature reviews have found limited empirical evidence as to the relative magnitude of the induced travel effect of expanding minor arterials, collector streets, and local roads. Previous reviews have similarly not reported empirical research on the induced travel effects of other types of roadway facilities, such as auxiliary lanes, ramps, or other types of interchanges. In this project, the authorsconducted a systematic literature review on the induced travel effects of minor arterials, auxiliary lanes, and interchanges (including simple on/off ramps). The authors found that the empirical literature remains limited with respect to auxiliary lanes... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xg2q30p Mon, 5 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Volker, Jamey M.B. Kim, Keuntae Hernandez Rios, Kevin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zp5778b <p>In this report, the authors propose an online and large-scale rideshare system that can dynamically match passenger requests with drivers and provide efficient routes to the drivers. The authors developed a greedy insertion-based routing procedure to route thousands of requests in an hour. They incorporated flexible meeting point selection into the framework, which can reduce travel distances for both drivers and passengers. The authors implemented an online incentive and cost-sharing system that can incentivize drivers and passengers for their ride time limit violations and share the cost of a rideshare trip among the passengers fairly. The authors incorporated a request prediction and detour mechanism into the ridesharing framework. To get the most updated travel time and study the effects of ridesharing in a road network, theauthors also incorporate a simulation approach into the framework. Numerical experiments performed on the New York Taxicab dataset and a rural dataset... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zp5778b Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Dessouky, Maged Mahtab, Zuhayer https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32v3x9mw Public transit ridership has declined in major US cities over the past decade. Integrating traditional fixed-route transit with flexible microtransit has been proposed to enhance ridership, mobility, accessibility, and sustainability. This project surveyed California transit agencies on their microtransit services to identify challenges to integrating them with fixed-route services. An agent-based model combining the two modes of transit was developed to evaluate different operational designs. FleetPy, an open-source simulation tool, modeled microtransit dynamics. The study examined design impacts, such as fixed route headways and microtransit fleet size, in downtown San Diego and Lemon Grove, California. Results showed that while microtransit reduces fixed-route ridership and requires higher subsidies, it significantly boosts job accessibility. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32v3x9mw Fri, 18 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Hyland, Michael F., PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8394-8064 Pike, Susan, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6558-3479 Hu, Siwei Berkel, Jacob Julius Xing, Yan, PhD Saha, Ritun https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3030-9622 Vander Veen, Geoffrey Hans https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9983-3930 Yang, Dingtong, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7377-4531 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4tj8w8s4 Post-collision travel behavior and effects on road safety perception are not well-understood. To quantify the ways thatcrash-related experiences shape the way individuals think about travel, we conducted four focus group discussions with people who had been involved in a crash or near miss or whose relatives or friends experienced one. Several themes emerged from the discussions. Participants changed their travel behavior after experiencing a collision by modifying their travel mode, travel frequency, trip purposes, or vehicle types. Participants developed an enhanced awareness about potentially unsafe behaviors of other road users and road environments and adopted more cautious attitudes toward their own travel. Many participants experienced long-term stress as a result of the incidents, including fear, behavior modification, or travel avoidance. Participants offered several recommendations, including the need for safer infrastructure, improved road user visibility, a shift in... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4tj8w8s4 Thu, 27 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Rahman Bhuiya, Md Musfiqur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8530-119X Barajas, Jesus M., PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-5778 Venkataram, Prashanth S., PhD https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zx1k22k <p>This report examines the electrification of buses, vocational trucks, and construction machinery, as well as the impact of advancements in battery technology on this transition. The electrification of these vehicles and machinery, alongside rapid progress in battery development, is accelerating. This study provides a comprehensive review of current research on lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, evaluating their development status and the challenges to commercialization. A keyobjective of this study is to assess the progress of advanced battery development and its influence on the further commercialization of buses, vocational trucks, and construction machinery. Modeling suggests that within the next 7 to 12 years, batteries with energy densities of 500 Wh/kg and 1000 Wh/L will enable electrified construction vehicles andmachinery to match or surpass the performance of current diesel-powered equipment. Electric buses are already commercially available and expanding globally,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zx1k22k Wed, 26 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Burke, Andrew F. Zhao, Jingyuan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0jc0v1gn <p>Since the 1970s, stakeholders have expressed concerns about the ability of transportation travel demand used by metropolitan planning organizations to represent induced travel from expanded highway capacity. Failure to adequately represent induced travel will underestimate vehicle miles traveled and congestion when comparing scenarios with and without highway capacity expansion. To examine the magnitude of potential biases, the authors use the state-of-the-practice transportation demand model, the Sacramento Council of Governments (SACOG) SACSIM19 model, to examine (1) the model's representation of induced travel, (2) the influence of variation in key inputs on vehicle travel and roadway congestions, and (3) the effect of changes in induced travel-related input variables on the comparisons of scenarios with and without highway expansions.</p><p> <strong><a href="https://ncst.ucdavis.edu/project/investigation-abilities-and-limitations-travel-demand-modeling-informing-decision-making">View... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0jc0v1gn Wed, 19 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Rodier, Caroline Gibb, John Zhang, Yunwan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vw8k58t <p>The Caltrans 2024 Sustainable Freight Academy was held on November 18-21, 2024. The academy consisted of presentations from goods movement professionals and subject matter experts, including those from both public and private organizations. The final group presentation allowed participants to develop their skills in grant writing by applying lessons learned from the course. Participants were divided into eight groups and took on various roles such as Grant Writer, Project Manager, and Industry Partner in order to develop and present a mock Trade Corridor Enhancement Program (TCEP) proposal topic.</p><p> <strong><a href="https://ncst.ucdavis.edu/project/california-2024-sustainable-freight-academy">View the NCST Project Webpage</a></strong> </p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vw8k58t Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 O'Brien, Thomas Warren, Elizabeth Martinez-Flores, Devin Orlando Rivera Royero, Daniel Valencia-Cardenas, Maria C. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/00d6591g Traffic signals, while serving an important function to coordinate vehicle movements through intersections, also cause frequent stops and delays, particularly when they are not properly timed. Such stops and delays contribute to significant amount of fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The recent development of connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technology provides new opportunities to enable better control of vehicles and intersections, that in turn reduces fuel consumption and emissions. In this paper, we propose platoon-trajectory-optimization (PTO) to minimize the total fuel consumption of a CAV platoon through a signalized intersection. In this approach, all CAVs in one platoon are considered as a whole, that is, all other CAVs follow the trajectory of the leading one with a time delay and minimum safety gap, which is enabled by vehicle to vehicle communication. Moreover, the leading CAV in the platoon learns of the signal timing plan just after it enters the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/00d6591g Fri, 7 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Han, Xiao, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8110-9977 Ma, Rui, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8568-6707 Zhang, H. Michael, PhD https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1nm5c9gp The processes in the pavement life cycle can be defined as: material extraction and production; construction; transport of materials and demolition; the use stage, where the pavement interacts with other systems; the materials, construction, and transport associated with maintenance and rehabilitation; and end-of-life. Local governments are increasingly being asked to quantify greenhouse gas emissions from their operations and identify changes to reduce emissions. There are many possible strategies that local governments can choose to reduce their emissions, however, prioritization and selection of which to implement can be difficult if emissions cannot be quantified. Pavement life cycle assessment (LCA) can be used by local governments to achieve the same goals as state government. The web-based software environmental Life Cycle Assessment for Pavements, also known as eLCAP has been developed a project-level LCA tool. The goal of eLCAP is to permit local governments to perform... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1nm5c9gp Wed, 5 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Lea, Jon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0999-469X Harvey, John T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6125-0041 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12c0670r The aviation sector in California is facing increased pressure to reduce its carbon footprint, leading to a growing interest in alternative fuel aviation (AFA) technologies such as sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), as well as electric- and hydrogen- powered aircraft. The report develops a California Aviation Energy Model (CAVEM), examining various AFA technologies and analyzing possible policy options. The analysis emphasizes the importance of SAF in the short term, with projections indicating sufficient supply for intrastate flights and capped vegetable oil-based fuel consumption. Long-term efforts are focused on electric and hydrogen-powered aircraft, which remain in the early stages of development. Electrification of intrastate flights is deemed feasible, with estimated electricity consumption amounting to a small percentage of overall electricity generation. The report highlights the necessity for additional policy incentives (such as tax exemptions) and a comprehensive policy... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12c0670r Thu, 27 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Liu, Yati https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6460-4995 Hansen, Mark, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-6867 Ro, Jin Wook, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3854-4604 Murphy, Colin W., PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8615-9466 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7171x25x <p>This report summarizes research outcomes in an effort to update the California Air Resources Board (CARB)’s current methodology for estimating greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions from adding new pedestrian facilities, including sidewalks and shared-use Class I bicycle paths. At least three programs offer Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF) funding for projects with new pedestrian facilities. To measure GHG emissions reductions from new pedestrian facilities, CARB currently relies on a method (the “congestion mitigation and air quality improvement (CMAQ) method”) it published with Caltrans in 2005 for calculating GHG emissions reductions from new bicycle facilities. The data on which that method is based are even older, mostly from the 1990s. This report reviews the more recent literature to determine whether and how the CMAQ method could be modified to better reflect emerging data and methods. This review summary focuses on the first—and most difficult—step in the GHG... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7171x25x Tue, 18 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Volker, Jamey Handy, Susan Kendall, Alissa Barbour, Elisa https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6xb85088 <p>Under California’s Cap-and-Trade program, the State’s portion of the proceeds from Cap-and-Trade auctions is deposited in the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF). The Legislature and Governor enact budget appropriations from the GGRF for State agencies to invest in projects that help achieve the State’s climate goals. These investments are collectively called California Climate Investments. Senate Bill (SB) 862 requires the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to develop guidance on reporting and quantification methods for all State agencies that receive appropriations from the GGRF. CARB may review and update quantification methodologies, as needed. CARB developed quantification methodologies to provide project-level GHG estimates for administering agencies to use when selecting projects for funding. CARB’s quantification methods use a similar formula to measure GHG emissions reductions from both new bike share programs and new car share programs. That formula includes as... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6xb85088 Tue, 18 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Volker, Jamey Handy, Susan Kendall, Alissa Barbour, Elisa https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6b31g17t <p>This report summarizes research outcomes in an effort to update the California Air Resources Board’s (CARB) current methodology for estimating greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions from adding new bicycle paths, lanes, and cycle tracks. At least three programs offer Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF) funding for projects with new bicycle facilities. They include the California Strategic Growth Council’s Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities (AHSC) Program, the Natural Resources Agency’s Urban Greening Grant Program (Urban Greening) and the California Department of Transportation’s (Caltrans) Active Transportation Program (ATP). To measure GHG emission reductions from new bike paths and lanes, CARB currently relies on a method it published with Caltrans in 2005 for evaluating motor vehicle fee registration projects and congestion mitigation and air quality (CMAQ) improvement projects. The data on which the CMAQ method is based are even older, mostly from the 1990s... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6b31g17t Tue, 18 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Volker, Jamey Handy, Susan Kendall, Alissa Barbour, Elisa https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rf5t53t <p>This report addresses aspects of the California Air Resources Board (CARB)’s current quantification methods for estimating GHG emission reductions from projects that expand transit facilities or service. A number of California Climate Investments programs fund transit projects, including the Low Carbon Transit Operations Program, the Transit and Intercity Rail Capital Program, and the Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities Program. CARB has developed technical documents for each program, called “Quantification Methodologies,” and associated spreadsheet calculation tools, called “Benefit Calculator Tools,” for program applicants to use in estimating project-level GHG emission reductions and co-benefit estimates for projects proposed for funding. To measure GHG emission reductions from transportation projects, including transit projects, CARB relies on ”CMAQ” computation methods, published by CARB in 2005 with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) for... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rf5t53t Tue, 18 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Barbour, Elisa Handy, Susan Kendall, Alissa Volker, Jamey https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4mk5q4hf <p>The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has developed quantification methods to provide project-level greenhouse gas (GHG) and co-benefit estimates for administering agencies to use when selecting projects for funding from California Climate Investments programs. To measure GHG emission reductions from transportation projects, CARB relies on a method it published with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) in 2005 for evaluating motor vehicle fee registration projects and congestion mitigation and air quality improvement (CMAQ) projects, specifically transit and connectivity (TAC) features. This report addresses whether and how CARB might update two adjustment factors in the TAC methods that apply to transit facility and/or service expansion projects. The first factor is used to account for transit dependency in estimating ridership gains from a new transit project, by indicating the share of new riders who could be expected to have driven in the absence of... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4mk5q4hf Tue, 18 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Barbour, Elisa Handy, Susan Kendall, Alissa Volker, Jamey https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0s26f9nw <p>Under California’s Cap-and-Trade program, the State’s portion of the proceeds from Cap-and-Trade auctions is deposited in the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF). The Legislature and Governor enact budget appropriations from the GGRF for State agencies to invest in projects that help achieve the State’s climate goals. These investments are collectively called California Climate Investments. Senate Bill (SB) 862 requires the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to develop guidance on reporting and quantification methods for all State agencies that receive appropriations from the GGRF. CARB may review and update quantification methodologies, as needed. CARB developed quantification methodologies to provide project-level greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction and co-benefit estimates for administering agencies to use when selecting projects for funding. To measure GHG emission reductions from new pedestrian facilities, CARB relies on a method it published with the California... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0s26f9nw Tue, 18 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Volker, Jamey Handy, Susan Kendall, Alissa Barbour, Elisa https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q21q44x <p>Under California’s Cap-and-Trade program, the State’s portion of the proceeds from Cap-and-Trade auctions is deposited in the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF). The Legislature and Governor enact budget appropriations from the GGRF for State agencies to invest in projects that help achieve the State’s climate goals. These investments are collectively called California Climate Investments. Senate Bill (SB) 862 requires the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to develop guidance on reporting and quantification methods for all State agencies that receive appropriations from the GGRF. To date, multiple California Climate Investments programs have offered funding for new bicycle paths or lanes. CARB developed quantification methodologies to provide project-level greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction and co-benefit estimates for administering agencies to use when selecting projects for funding. To measure GHG emission reductions from new bike paths and lanes, CARB relies on... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q21q44x Tue, 18 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Volker, Jamey Handy, Susan Kendall, Alissa Barbour, Elisa https://escholarship.org/uc/item/98x6z26j As online shopping nears its third decade, it is clear that its impacts on urban goods flow are profound. Increased freight traffic and related negative externalities such as greenhouse gas emissions and local air pollution can impede sustainability goals. In response, e-retailers are exploring innovative distribution strategies to enhance last-mile delivery sustainability and efficiency. They use urban consolidation centers with light-duty vehicles like electric vans and cargo bikes, establish alternative customer pickup points, and deploy crowdsourced delivery networks. Advanced technologies that may streamline deliveries, such as autonomous delivery robots and unmanned aerial vehicles, are being tested. University of California Davis and Irvine researchers have investigated these strategies under economic viability, environmental efficiency, and social equity frameworks. Different modeling approaches were implemented to evaluate last-mile network designs and the potential for... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/98x6z26j Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Jaller, Miguel, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-750X Pahwa, Anmol, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9431-3168 Saphores, Jean-Daniel, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9514-0994 Hyland, Michael, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8394-8064 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2102b2zq This report summarizes the findings from ten sets of analyses that investigated ways the COVID-19 pandemic transformed people's activity-travel patterns. Data were collected through three waves of surveys in Spring 2020, Fall 2020, and Summer 2021 in California and the rest of the US. We found that there was a substantial shift among California workers from physical commuting to exclusive remote work in 2020, followed by a transition to hybrid working schedules by Summer 2021. The adoption of remote work and hybrid work varied significantly among population subgroups, with higher income, more educated individuals, and urban residents showing the greatest shift to these arrangements. In terms of mode use and vehicle ownership, increased concerns about the use of shared modes of travel correlated with an increasing desire to own a car. We observed a major decrease in walking for commuting purposes and a significant increase in walking and biking for non-work trips. The study also... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2102b2zq Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Circella, Giovanni, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1832-396X Iogansen, Xiatian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4851-1323 Matson, Grant https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-2200 Makino, Keita https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5080-2843 Malik, Jai K., PhD Lee, Youngsung, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1980-1225 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72f801mf <p>This project examines multi-hazard risks and the performance of emergency evacuation routes in California using spatial synthesis, mapping, modeling, and performance analysis techniques. It enhances evacuation planning by analyzing road networks under natural hazard scenarios. Key tasks included: 1. Collecting and organizing evacuation route data for 190 cities, revealing that only 23 had comprehensive GIS maps, highlighting gaps in current planning. 2. Assessing road network performance under various hazards for 450 cities, identifying high-risk areas, and classifying cities based on risk levels and concentration. 3. Analyzing evacuation routes during the 2018 Camp and Thomas fires, using mathematical modeling and Omniscape to assess bottlenecks and evacuation efficiency. 4. Evaluating evacuation route performance for different population segments and proposing improvements, including using public transit for future wildfire evacuations. The findings provide actionable insights... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72f801mf Mon, 10 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Jaller, Miguel Thorne, James H. Rivera-Royero, Daniel Whitney, Jason Hu, Alexander Kenichi Saha, Ayush https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6x38h5ck <p>This report presents the results of the Ecosystem of Shared Mobility Services in the San Joaquin Valley (Ecosystem) pilot project. The project is part of California Climate Investments (CCI), a statewide initiative that puts billions of Cap-and-Trade dollars to work reducing greenhouse gas emissions, strengthening the economy, and improving public health and the environment — particularly in disadvantaged communities. As the grantee for this pilot project, the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District implemented the pilot program by partnering and/or subcontracting with several local entities including, but are limited to: Sigala Inc.; UC Davis, Institute of Transportation Studies; Shared-Use Mobility Center (SUMC); Self-Help Enterprises, and MOVE. Funding for the Ecosystem pilot project provided by a grant from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) through the Car Sharing and Mobility Option Pilot Project solicitation. Research for the project was also supported... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6x38h5ck Wed, 5 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Rodier, Caroline Harold, Brian Zhang, Yunwan Sigala Inc. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1xk2830q <p>While the United States has long supported basic needs of residents through social welfare programs, policies supporting affordable transportation for lower income individuals have been much more limited. Federal support for transportation includes subsidies to transit agencies and requirements to offer discounted fares to certain groups such as seniors and riders with disabilities, but income-qualified discounts are not required. This study explores opportunities for improving access to transportation affordable programs by gathering insights from existing income qualified transportation benefits. Researchers compare examples of these programs to design features of existing non-transportation benefits to characterize opportunities for increased coordination and standardization. Finally, as the U.S. has seen an increase in recent years of Universal Basic Mobility (UBM) pilots that provide flexible transportation funds, the study incorporates insights from UBM evaluations to... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1xk2830q Tue, 4 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Harold, Brian Rodier, Caroline Perrin, Jack https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q0076tq <p>Vehicle travel, measured as vehicle-miles traveled (VMT), dropped precipitously in California following “stay-in-place” orders issued by the state and counties as a response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Although VMT rebounded relatively quickly, the state has an opportunity to leverage other changes in household travel behavior so as to achieve its VMT reduction goals while enhancing transportation equity. This report reviews the available evidence on changes in household travel behavior resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic and provides an overview of potential state, regional, and local-level policies that could help to preserve changes that help to reduce VMT and reverse those that tend to increase VMT. The review focuses on alternatives to driving, specifically telecommuting, public transit, ride-hailing, e-shopping, and active travel and micro-mobility.</p><p><a href="https://ncst.ucdavis.edu/project/barriers-reducing-carbon-footprint-transportation">View the NCST Project... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q0076tq Tue, 28 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Barbour, Elisa Alvarez-Coria, Rosanely Anderson, Hayden Hosseinzade, Rey Turner, Katherine Handy, Susan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1x6982gf Transportation Network Companies (TNCs), also referred to as ridehailing companies, have experienced rapid growth in the past decade. This report focuses on the quickly evolving transportation patterns resulting from the adoption of ridehailing as part of the efforts accompanying the implementation of the Clean Miles Standard (CMS) regulation. Based on the analysis of survey data collected in four California metropolitan regions before the COVID-19 pandemic, this report summarizes the findings from three studies, focusing on (1) the use of ridehailing among traveler groups with different multimodal travel patterns, (2) the substitution of ridehailing for other modes, and travel induced by ridehailing, and (3) the use of pooled ridehailing services, in which multiple passengers share the same vehicle for all or a portion of their trips. The results from these analyses reveal that transit users are more likely to be ridehailing users. Individuals without a household vehicle and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1x6982gf Tue, 28 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Giller, James Compostella, Junia Iogansen, Xiatian Young, Mischa Circella, Giovanni https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cf8785q <p>International second-hand vehicle (SHV) exports are a multi-billion-dollar market for the US and an integral process in removing older vehicles from the road and enabling a robust new vehicle market. Mexico is the largest importer of SHVs from the US. As the US rapidly increases electric vehicle (EV) sales to meet decarbonization targets for the transportation sector, EVs will be an increasing large fraction of SHVs. While the benefits of EV adoption are numerous, introducing a radically new technology such as EVs without responsive measures in second-hand market regions may lead to an unintended transfer of economic and environmental burdens, especially if waste EV batteries cannot be managed properly. This research undertook a battery material flow analysis, life cycle assessment of SHVs traded from the US to Mexico, and a qualitive analysis of environmental and transport justice implications of SHV trade. The research finds that SHVs disproportionately contribute to waste... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cf8785q Mon, 27 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Kendall, Alissa Parés Olguín, Francisco https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6pg9w6sc <p>To meet zero-emission vehicle targets, consumers will have to adopt electric vehicles and convert their entire fleets. In the United States and California, most households own two or more vehicles; most of these households will need to switch their traditional vehicles for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). However, most of the research on PEV adoption has focused on people acquiring their first PEV. This work is the first to examine households’ decision to maintain at least two PEVs in their household fleets. Utilizing a multi-year survey of PEV adopters between 2012 and 2020, 3,039 respondents who acquired a vehicle after obtaining an initial PEV are identified. Respondents are divided in two groups: those who reverted to an internal combustion engine vehicle (Single PEV) and those who added an additional PEV (Multi PEV). Modelling the groups using binary logistic regression, several factors that differentiate Single from Multi PEV households are identified. Compared to Single... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6pg9w6sc Mon, 27 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Ramadoss, Trisha Tal, Gil https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4g35r4zc <p>California's Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) mandate targets all new Light Duty Vehicle (LDV) sales to be ZEVs by 2035. However, the current charging infrastructure is not well-developed in California, primarily serving households with home charging setups and leaving a noticeable gap in public charging facilities. This gap is seen as a significant barrier to Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) adoption within California. This report explores driver charging behavior and their preference for public DC fast charging (DCFC), drawing on Stated Preference (SP) choice experiment data from a survey of 1,102 Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) owners across California.</p><p> <strong><a href="https://ncst.ucdavis.edu/project/cost-sensitivity-and-charging-choices-plug-electric-vehicle-drivers-stated-preference-study">View the NCST Project Webpage</a> </strong> </p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4g35r4zc Mon, 27 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Dong, Lu Hardman, Scott Bunch, David Mabit, Stefan Chakraborty, Debapriya https://escholarship.org/uc/item/85s1v4pg <p>The goal of this study was to develop a framework and first order estimate of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the build-out and maintenance and rehabilitation of the world’s roadway infrastructure networks from 2020 to 2050. The GHG emissions from road pavement emissions, bridges, and maintenance and rehabilitation were calculated by decade based on the existing road networks and the modelling of their expansion. For comparison, the GHG emissions from vehicle manufacture and operation were estimated. Regional comparisons and sensitivity analyses were then performed. Based on one mid-range scenario, GHG emissions from new road construction account for roughly 0.1 to 4% of regional road transportation GHG emissions depending on the region; existing road maintenance accounts for 0.32 to 3%; vehicle manufacturing for 4 to 13% of regional GHG emissions; vehicle operation accounts for 82% to 93% of regional GHG emissions; and road roughness is responsible for approximately... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/85s1v4pg Thu, 9 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Filani, Iyanuoluwa Butt, Ali A Harvey, John T Fulton, Lewis M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20v0f1r8 <p>The purpose of this literature review is to assess what is currently known about the ability of travel demand forecasting models (TDMs) to provide accurate forecasts for different types of transportation plans and projects with respect to different outcome measures of interest. The role of TDMs in assessing the implications of highway expansions for vehicle miles of travel (VMT) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is of particular interest given the current regulatory context. Relevant studies for this review were found using a variety of search terms in the Transport Research International Documentation (TRID) database and Google Scholar. The report reviewed the available studies with respect to the themes of limitations of the models, validity testing and sensitivity testing, and VMT forecasting.&nbsp;</p><p><a href="https://ncst.ucdavis.edu/project/investigation-abilities-and-limitations-travel-demand-modeling-informing-decision-making">View the NCST Project Webpage</a></p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20v0f1r8 Thu, 9 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Kim, Keuntae Byrd, Daniel Handy, Susan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0wc735mj <p>The goal of this project was to assess the capabilities of the travel demand forecasting models (TDMs) used by California’s metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) with respect to forecasting the increase in vehicle miles of travel induced by highway capacity expansion. An expert panel assisted with the development of review questions to be used in assessing the models. These questions were used to assess each of the models currently used by the eighteen MPOs in California based on information found in readily available documents. The assessment found that seven MPOs are using activity-basedmodels, nine are using four-step, trip-based models, and two are using hybrid models. In general, the activity-based models do a better job of capturing possible induced travel effects. Only one model includes explicit feedback between the transportation system and land use patterns. The readily-available documentation of travel demand forecasting models in California is insufficient... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0wc735mj Thu, 9 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Handy, Susan Kim, Keuntae Byrd, Daniel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vn3k4sr <p>This report investigates how local governments (cities and counties) are implementing California’s Senate Bill 743, adopted in 2013 to eliminate traffic delay, measured using level-of-service (LOS) standards, as a basis for analyzing and mitigating transportation-related impacts of development projects and plans as called for under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). Based on a survey of local planning directors in California, administered in Spring, 2024, the report finds that more thanfour-fifths of localities are continuing to apply LOS standards on an “off-CEQA” basis in the permitting process for individual development projects, as well as in community-level plans and policies. Most respondent localities reported that using both VMT and LOS at both the project- and plan-level has not created conflicts, indicating that they are able to align VMT and LOS. Mitigation strategies reported as effective in reducing VMT and also improving LOS include improving active... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vn3k4sr Wed, 8 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Barbour, Elisa Volker, Jamey Kaeppelin, Francois-Xavier https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08h3p0r6 <p>This study delves into the energy and emissions impacts of Shared Autonomous and Electric Vehicles (SAEVs) on disadvantaged communities in California. It explores the intersection of evolving transportation technologies—electric, autonomous, and shared mobility—and their implications for equity, energy consumption, and emissions. Through high-resolution spatial and temporalanalyses, this research evaluates the distribution of benefits and costs of SAEVs across diverse populations, incorporatingenvironmental justice principles. Our quantitative findings reveal that electrification of the vehicle fleet leads to a 63% to 71% decrease in CO2 emissions even with the current grid mix, and up to 84%-87% under a decarbonized grid with regular charging. The introduction of smart charging further enhances these benefits, resulting in a 93.5% - 95% reduction in CO2 emissions. However, the distribution of these air quality benefits is uneven, with disadvantaged communities experiencing... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08h3p0r6 Sun, 22 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Li, Xinwei Jenn, Alan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22s2v6k5 Designing Electric Truck Incentives for India https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22s2v6k5 Wed, 20 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Ramji, Aditya Das, Anannya Ladha, Rijhul Palia, Ridhi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2b05w8pk <p>The path to transportation decarbonization will rely heavily on electric vehicles (EVs) in the United States. EV diffusion forecasting tools are necessary to predict the impacts of EVs on local energy demand and environmental quality. Few EV adoption models operate at a fine spatial scale and those that do still rely on aggregated demographic information. This adoption model is one of the first attempts to employ a synthetic population to examine EV distribution at a fine spatial and demographic scale. Using a synthetic population at the Census-Tract-level, enriched with household fleet body types and home-charging access, the researchers consider the effect of vehicle body type on EV spatial distribution and home-charging access in California. The project examines two EV body type mixes in a high electrification scenario where 8 million EVs are distributed across 6 million households in California: a “Small Vehicles” scenario where 6 million EVs are passenger cars and 2 million... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2b05w8pk Sun, 17 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Ramadoss, Trisha Davis, Adam Tal, Gil https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21x0c45b <p>Prior studies of travel mode choice in airport ground transportation identified several important relationships between traveler/trip attributes and the selected ground access mode(s). However, those studies did not comprehensively account for qualitative aspects of ground access mode choice, such as general and transportation-specific attitudes and perceptions of mode-specific airport infrastructure. To add insights into air travelers’ ground transportation choices, this study collected a dataset with a survey administered among travelers using four major airports in Northern California in the post-pandemic era.Among the analyses presented in the report, airport ground access mode choice was analyzed, and its relationships with travelers’ socio-demographics, attitudes toward transportation and related topics (e.g., environmental friendliness), and opinions about transportation infrastructure and services (e.g., airport parking fees). The authors identified relationships between... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21x0c45b Sun, 17 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Makino, Keita Compostella, Junia Lee, Yongsung Circella, Giovanni https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6j66v8kc Pilot programs in California and beyond are exploring universal basic mobility (UBM), which calls upon government actors to ensure that everyone can access transportation services for basic needs. UBM addresses the problem of transport poverty, which is defined in various ways but is generally when transportation spending puts one below the poverty line or transportation is exceedingly time-consuming, unsafe, or unavailable. This research evaluated UBM-inspired pilot programs in Oakland and Bakersfield, via pre- and post-pilot surveys and interviews during the programs. Both pilots provided free-fare transportation services (shared micromobility in both cities and public transit services in Oakland) to populations vulnerable to transport poverty (residents of a low-income, minority-majority community in East Oakland and current and former foster youth in Bakersfield). Participants replaced car trips and/or walking with shared mobility and/or public transportation and reported... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6j66v8kc Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Sanguinetti, Angela, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-7175 Alston-Stepnitz, Eli https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9675-4445 Nelson, Leslie Searl, Emily https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9352-1985 DePew, Ashley https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8398-7319 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53k5x2nj Crash modification factor (CMF) is an effectiveness measure of safety countermeasures. It is widely used by state agencies to evaluate and prioritize various safety improvement projects. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) CMF Clearinghouse provides CMFs for a broad range of countermeasures, but still, the existing CMFs often cannot meet the needs for characterizing the safety impacts of countermeasures in new scenarios. Developing CMFs, meanwhile, is costly, time-consuming, and requires extensive data collection. A more cost-effective way to provide preliminary CMF estimations is needed. To address this need, this study develops a low-cost and easily extendable data-driven framework for CMF predictions. This framework performs data mining on existing CMF records in the FHWA CMF Clearinghouse. To tackle the heterogeneity of data, interdisciplinary techniques to maintain model compatibility were created and used. The project also integrates multiple machine-learning models... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53k5x2nj Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Qi, Yanlin Li, Jia Zhang, H. Michael, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4647-3888 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2r66k788 To understand the extent to which micromobility services such as bike-share and scooter-share are enabling car-light lifestyles by replacing driving, we explore the trip-chaining patterns of micromobility users. We use travel diary data collected from micromobility users in 48 cities across the US. Our analysis incorporated 15,985 trip chains from 1,157 survey participants who provided at least seven days of travel diary data, and an imputed dataset of 35,623 trip chains from 1,838 participants from the same survey. Our analysis of both datasets shows that a considerable portion of car owners are leaving their cars at home when using micromobility. This suggests that, for a subset of users, micromobility can form part of a car-free or car-light day of travel, despite having a car available. Trip chains with less frequent car use are composed of a variety of different modes in combination with micromobility. Micromobility services are supportive of complex trip chains that include... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2r66k788 Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Mohiuddin, Hossain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6842-2424 Fitch-Polse, Dillon T., PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3760-322X https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9863j1fz <p>Transportation-disadvantaged populations often face significant challenges in meeting their basic travel needs. Microtransit, a technology-enabled transit mobility solution, has the potential to address these issues by providing on-demand, affordable, and flexible services with multi-passenger vehicles. The ways in which microtransit supports underserved populations and the factors influencing its adoption are not well-studied, however. This research examines SmaRT Ride, a microtransit pilot program in the Sacramento, California, area operated by Sacramento Regional Transit. The project evaluates a broad range of factors influencing microtransit adoption and travel behavior among underserved populations using original revealed choice survey data collected from February – May 2024 with online and intercept surveys. A descriptive analysis revealed that SmaRT Ride has improved transportation access for these communities, complements the transit system by connecting fixed-route... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9863j1fz Mon, 4 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Xing, Yan Pike, Susan Waechter, Maxwell DeLeon, Graham Lipatova, Liubov Handy, Susan Wang, Yunshi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qn422qg While transportation infrastructure and efficiency should inform where to build more housing, little is known about how housing allocation and development processes can be coordinated more systematically with transportation. To date, transportation-housing coordination has often relied on the densification of areas near rail transit stations, putting heavy burdens on these locations and their residents. Much less attention has been paid to how densification can be achieved in a more equitable manner by encompassing other sites. This report directs attention to non-rail locations, specifically low vehicle miles traveled (VMT) areas and bus corridors, and examines the challenges that can arise in promoting densification more broadly. It shows that data uncertainties can make it challenging to identify low VMT locations and that prioritizing only low VMT locations for residential development may have limited effectiveness in expanding housing opportunities in high opportunity areas.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qn422qg Mon, 21 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Kim, Jae Hong, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9365-4326 Barajas, Jesus M., PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-5778 Marantz, Nicholas J., PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2565-6885 Houston, Douglas, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3901-6072 Herrera, Veronica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2393-9024 Okashita, Alex https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7810-5804 Cabello, Maxwell B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-3627 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30d5k089 <p>Recent California regulatory efforts, United States goals, and industry roadmaps all target net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the cement and concrete industries within a few decades. While changes in production of cement and concrete, including varying constituents, can greatly reduce GHG emissions, carbon dioxide removal (CDR) will be needed to meet this net-zero goal. Hydrated cement in concrete can carbonate (i.e., form carbon-based minerals with atmospheric CO2) and thus act as a CDR mechanism. This process occurs faster with a large surface area, such as crushed concrete at its end-of-life (EoL), which can be uniquely leveraged by transportation infrastructure projects. In this work, a literature review of key parameters that can facilitate desired CO2 uptake for transportation projects at their end of life is conducted and an initial meta-analyses of data from the literature to inform CO2 uptake for individual projects is performed. Initial considerations for... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30d5k089 Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Knight, Kelli Anne Miller, Sabbie A. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vf1b6s1 <p>The UC Davis Campus Travel Survey is an annual survey led by Transportation Services (TS)—formerly known as Transportation and Parking Services (TAPS)—and the National Center for Sustainable Transportation (NCST), part of the Institute of Transportation Studies (ITS) at UC Davis. It collects a rich set of data about travel to the UC Davis campus, demographics, and attitudes toward travel.</p><p>The 2023-24 survey collected data from&nbsp;4,774 people affiliated with UC Davis about their travel to campus during a single week in October and November 2023. It used a stratified random sampling method with the intent to gather a representative sample of the campus population. About 14 percent of those invited responded to this year’s survey. For the statistics presented throughout this report, we weight the responses by campus role (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, Master’s, PhD, faculty, and staff) and gender so that the proportion of respondents in each group reflects their... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vf1b6s1 Sun, 29 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Darr, Justin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jz35792 The historical impacts of transportation planning and investment have left lasting scars on communities of color and low-income communities. This research evaluates online equity tools that exist as spatial dashboards —i.e., interactive maps in which the parameters of interaction are controlled. Twelve tools ranging from the national to the local level were identified and qualitatively assessed for their ability to address conditions related to transportation equity. The evaluation focused on how each tool defines disadvantaged communities, the outcomes they measure (benefits, burdens, or other), their ease of use, and their ability to guide decisions about equity. The findings show a diversity of methods and metrics in defining disadvantage, with most relying on composite demographic indexes and comparative population thresholds. Tools most commonly provided accessibility metrics to assess transportation benefits, while incorporating a range of environmental and health indicators... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jz35792 Wed, 25 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 McGinnis, Claire https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5478-8672 Barajas, Jesus M., PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-5778 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qr5t2tw <p>This study examined the sustainability of shared micromobility services using data from 48 cities in the US using a 21-day smartphone travel diary and survey data. Population-weighted analysis indicated a much smaller share of transit connection than in prior reported studies, with more reliable data. However methodological decisions could be a cause for such discrepancies suggesting a sensitivity analysis of this same data may be a good next research step. Results also indicated median VMT reduced per micromobility trip to be roughly 0.15 miles for e-scooter share trips and 0.25 miles for bike share (including e-bike) trips. Models of mode substitution confirm prior evidence of factors affecting car substitution including trip distance as the strongest factor. This study also proposed two frameworks for building a sketch planning tool for examining VMT reduction from future micromobility services. This tool could help cities and regions better plan for the micromobility services... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qr5t2tw Fri, 6 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Fukushige, Tatsuya Fitch-Polse, Dillon T. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8c20q0rf The widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EV) is a centerpiece of California’s strategy to reach net-zero carbon emissions, but it is not fully known how and where EVs are being used, and how and where they are being charged. This report provides the first at-scale estimate of EV home charging. Previous estimates were based on conflicting surveys or extrapolated from a small, unrepresentative sample of households with dedicated EV meters. We combined billions of hourly electricity meter measurements with address-level EV registration records from California households, including roughly 40,000 EV owners. The average EV increases overall household load by 2.9 kilowatt-hours per day, well under half the amount assumed by state regulators. Results imply that EVs travel less than expected on electric power, raising questions about transportation electrification for climate policy. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8c20q0rf Fri, 30 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Burlig, Fiona, PhD Bushnell, James, PhD Rapson, David, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8711-7030 Wolfram, Catherine, PhD https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0310t8kx There is growing interest in the use of hydrogen as a transportation fuel but the environmental benefits of using hydrogen depend critically on how it is produced and distributed. Leading alternatives to using fossil natural gas to make hydrogen through the conventional method of steam methane reforming include using electrolyzers to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, and the use of biogas as an alternative feedstock to fossil natural gas. This report examines the latest carbon intensity (CI) estimates for these and various other hydrogen production processes, adding important nuances to the general “colors of hydrogen” scheme that has been used in recent years. CI values for hydrogen production can vary widely both within and across hydrogen production pathways. The lowest CI pathways use biomass or biogas as a feedstock, and solar or wind power. The report also analyses jobs creation from new hydrogen production facilities and shows that these benefits can be significant... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0310t8kx Wed, 28 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Lipman, Timothy, PhD Busch, Pablo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9069-1401 Collins, Stephanie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6569-183X Horvath, Arpad, PhD Kendall, Alissa, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-9080 Coffee, Daniel Kong, David https://escholarship.org/uc/item/59x3z9zb During the early months of the pandemic, stay-at-home orders and concerns about infection catalyzed a shift toward online activities, such as remote work and e-shopping, resulting in a significant decrease in conventional travel. However, as the effects of the pandemic diminished, the pandemic-induced online activities began to subside, and conventional travel started to rebound. The challenge among transportation planners and policymakers is to determine the lasting effects of the pandemic and adjust the policies accordingly. In the same efforts to understand the evolving travel-related activities and inform policymaking, the 3 Revolutions Future Mobility Program at the University of California, Davis, conducted four waves of mobility surveys between Spring 2020 and Fall 2023. Key findings from the analysis of these data reveal that remote work and a combination of remote work and physical commuting (i.e., hybrid work) emerge as an enduring outcome of the pandemic. The pandemic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/59x3z9zb Mon, 5 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Ozbilen, Basar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-4341 Gulhare, Siddhartha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2377-5717 Makino, Keita https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5080-2843 Jena, Aurojeet https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3113-520X Iogansen, Xiatian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4851-1323 Loa, Patrick https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8606-6283 Lee, Yongsung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1980-1225 Malik, Jai Circella, Giovanni https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1832-396X https://escholarship.org/uc/item/133538gw To achieve California’s ambitious climate goals, a shift to hydrogen fuel for some transportation sectors may be essential.In this report, we explore the build-out of a hydrogen fuel distribution system including uptake of light-, medium-, and heavy-duty fuel cell electric vehicles. Our analysis of Base and High Case scenarios includes costs of building and operating a hydrogen vehicle and fuel system and estimates workforce impacts. We consider scenarios with about 125,000 vehicles by 2030 in the Base Case and 250,000 in the high case. This increases by an order of magnitude to 2045. Vehicle and station investment costs associated with the Base Case reach anywhere from $4 to 12 billion USD by 2030 and increase by a factor of eight by 2045. Costs per kg of hydrogen, including fuel transmission to stations and station costs delivered to vehicles, could be in the range of $4 to 8 per kg. This becomes $6 to 10/kg as a final delivered cost, if production of hydrogen were to cost $2/kg.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/133538gw Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Fulton, Lew https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8292-3420 Yang, Chris https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7958-7267 Burke, Andrew https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4245-0056 Acharya, Tri Dev https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0886-4201 Bourne, Beth Coffee, Daniel Kong, David https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6k58771s <p>In 2018, California voters rejected Proposition 6, a ballot initiative that sought to repeal state gasoline taxes and vehicle fees enacted as part of the 2017 Road Repair and Accountability Act. This paper examines the relationship between support for the proposition, political ideology and the economic burdens imposed by the Act. For every hundred dollars of annual per-household costs imposed by the Road Repair and Accountability Act, support for proposition rose by 3–5 percentage points, roughly comparable to a commensurate increase in the share of ”liberal” voters. Notably, the relationship between voting and the economic burden of the policy is seven times strong in the most conservative tracts relative to the most liberal tracts. This heterogeneity has important implications for the popular support for environmental taxes, as conservative areas in California and elsewhere tend to bear a higher burden from transportation and energy taxes than liberal areas.</p><p><a href="https://ncst.ucdavis.edu/project/do-fuel-taxes-face-ideological-or-economic-opposition-evidence-voting-proposition-6-and">View... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6k58771s Sun, 28 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Epstein, Lucas Muehlegger, Erich https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rk148nr This project convened a series of meetings and workshops to prioritize listening to multi-sector stakeholders from local government, advocacy, and industry in US cities where autonomous vehicles are operating. The objective was to listen and learn from all stakeholders, raise issues surrounding accessibility and equity, and to solicit responses. Key findings from the workshops include a consensus across the three sectors on the need for good channels of multi-stakeholder communication, and voices across all sectors agreed on the importance of disability access and serving diverse populations. Many parties, representing voices from all sectors, recognized that federal regulatory activities appear to be moving too slowly. Preventing any roadway incidents is a priority for many stakeholders, and some suggest a playbook for handling day-to-day roadway issues and common standards for first-responder interactions. Disability access is a high priority across all sectors, and there many... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rk148nr Fri, 12 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 D'Agostino, Mollie C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3689-9471 Michael, Cooper E. Venkataram, Prashanth S., PhD https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pd4x9wr Congestion pricing (CP) is widely considered to have significant potential for effectively reducing vehicle miles traveled, reducing emissions, and providing a reliable revenue source for transportation investments. This study evaluated cities interested in CP—five in the U.S. (Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Seattle) and two in other countries (Vancouver, Canada, and Auckland, New Zealand). This study examines the following features of a CP system for each of these cities: 1) duration of CP investigations, 2) equity mitigations, 3) range of alternatives considered, 4) public engagement, and 5) importance of emissions reductions. Timelines are impossible to predict with certainty, but New York and Auckland appear closest to implementation. Vancouver, San Francisco, and Seattle are well into the process; and Boston and Los Angeles are early in the process. Other key findings include that most of the cities start considering a range of options before narrowing down... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pd4x9wr Fri, 12 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Colner, Jonathan P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8633-2839 D’Agostino, Mollie C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3689-9471 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/17h3k4db Congestion pricing can be an equitable policy strategy. This project consisted of a review of case studies of existing and planned congestion pricing strategies in North America (Vancouver, Seattle, and New York) and elsewhere (Singapore, London, Stockholm, and Gothenberg). The analysis shows that the most equitable congestion pricing systems include 1) a meaningful community-engagement processes to help policymakers identify equitable priorities; 2) pricing structures that strike a balance between efficiency and equity, while encouraging multi-modal travel; 3) clear plans for investing CP revenues to equalize the costs and benefits of congestion relief; and lastly, 4) a comprehensive data reporting plan to ensure equity goals are achieved. This project was developed to support the San Francisco County Transportation Authority in its efforts to conduct the Downtown Congestion Project. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/17h3k4db Fri, 12 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 D’Agostino, Mollie C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3689-9471 Pellaton, Paige https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9960-1927 White, Brittany https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1490-3991 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9t95p3gk Under the Advanced Clean Cars II (ACC II) rule, California must move to 100% zero emission vehicle (ZEV) sales by 2035. Tomake this transition equitable, it is important to understand how we can support ZEV adoption in all communities–including rural communities. The aim of this study is to explore the experiences and perceptions of current rural plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) owners, identify barriers to charging and ownership, and suggest factors to guide the development of infrastructure in rural areas. (PEVs include battery-electric vehicles [BEVs] and plug-in hybrid vehicles.) Semi-structured interviews were conducted with rural PEV owners and included questions related to travel behavior, at-home and public charging experiences, and motivation for household vehicle purchase. Major themes were extracted from the interviews including that PHEV owners tend to have minimal at-home and public charging requirements, while BEV owners require access to Level 2 charging at home and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9t95p3gk Tue, 9 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Robinson, Anya R. Hardman, Scott, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0476-7909 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71d0h6hz Managing traffic flow in high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes is a tough balancing act and current tolling schemes often lead to either under- or over-utilization of HOT lane capacity. The inherent linear/nonlinear relationship between flow and tolls in HOT lanes suggest that recent advances in machine learning and the use of a data-driven model may help set toll rates for optimal flow and lane use. In this research project, a data-driven model was developed, using long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks to capture the underlying flow-toll pattern on both HOT and general-purpose lanes. Then, a dynamic control strategy, using linear quadratic regulator (LQR) feedback controller was implemented to fully utilize the HOT lane capacity while maintaining congestion-free conditions. A case study of the I-580 freeway in Alameda County, California was carried out. The control system was evaluated in terms of vehicle hours traveled and person hours traveled for solo drivers and carpoolers.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71d0h6hz Tue, 9 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Zhang, Michael, PhD Gao, Hang, PhD Chen, Di Qi, Yanlin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77t9p8sf <p>To maximize the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potential of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), it is critical to develop EV dynamic charging management strategies. These strategies leverage the temporal variability in emissions associated with generated electricity to align EV charging with periods of low-carbon power generation. This study introduces a deep neural network tool to enable BEV drivers to make charging sessions align with the availability of cleaner energy resources. This study leverages a Long Short-Term Memory network to forecast individual BEV vehicle miles traveled (VMT) up to two days ahead, using a year-long dataset of driving and charging patterns from 66 California-based BEVs. Based on the predicted VMT, the model then estimates the vehicle's energy needs and the necessity of a charging session. This allows drivers to charge theirvehicles strategically, prioritizing low-carbon electricity periods without risking incomplete journeys. This framework... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77t9p8sf Mon, 10 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Tayarani, Hanif Nitta, Christopher J. Tal, Gil https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0sk24033 Lack of a strong reduction in ambient ozone (O3) concentrations during reduced traffic periods associated with COVID-19 calls into question the conventional wisdom that mobile sources dominate air pollution in California. Fossil-fueledmmotor vehicles emit oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are precursors to O3 formation, but the chemical reaction system that forms O3 is complex. The ratio of NOx/VOCs determines if the O3 formation regime is NOx-limited (reducing NOx reduces O3) or NOx-rich (reducing NOx increases O3). This project developed new methods to directly measure O3 chemistry in the atmosphere and applied them over long-term campaigns in multiple California cities to quantify traffic contributions to O3 formation. A seasonal-cycle was observed of NOx-rich O3 chemistry during cooler months trending toward NOx-limited chemistry in warmer months. Superimposed on this seasonal cycle was a spatial pattern of NOx-rich chemistry in dense urban... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0sk24033 Wed, 29 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Kleeman, Michael J., PhD Wu, Shenglun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2156-7968 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5s93r8wb This study discusses the potential economic and development impacts that high-speed rail (HSR) may bring to California. The research reviews the reported impacts of HSR implementation in various countries, particularly in Europe, and case studies of selected HSR station-cities in France, Spain, and Italy. The analysis suggests that HSR could bring economic development to the state and stimulate population growth but might eventually lead to gentrification in certainlocations. Not all station-cities experience the same impacts, and certain conditions may foster greater economic development. Station location and connectivity to downtown areas would be particularly important in influencing these impacts, while peripheral stations would be less able to attract land use development and relocation of activities. The availability of rail service to larger cities (and connections to other major markets) and the coordination with urban planning and policy are key to determining the development... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5s93r8wb Fri, 17 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Loukaitou-Sideris, Anastasia, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-4751 Circella, Giovanni, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1832-396X Lecompte, Maria Carolina, MSc Rossignol, Lucia Ozbilen, Basar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-4341 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gf1409z We interviewed eight subject-matter experts in California in 2023 tounderstand how travel behavior and priorities may change in response to direct experience with road collisions. Expertsrepresented a variety of perspectives, including medical doctors, advocates for active transportation safety, and advocates for people with disabilities. Their diverse specialties enabled us to capture a variety of concerns without triggering emotionally sensitive areas for people who have directly experienced road collisions. These experts identified common themes, including mental stress from the prospect of returning to driving—especially on freeways, lesser incidence of long-term changes in travel modes after experiencing a collision, dependence on others for rides in private vehicles, and changing routes or times of day of travel when traveling independently. These experts also explained how people’s mode choices are also affected by general concerns about collisions in the news more than... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gf1409z Thu, 9 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Bhuiya, Md. Musfiqur Rahman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8530-119X Barajas, Jesus M., PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-5778 Venkataram, Prashanth S., PhD https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9w05v56t Between 2017 and 2018, California experienced four devastating fires, including the Camp and Carr Fires. After fires, road infrastructure is crucial for safe removal of hazardous materials and waste to landfills and recycling facilities. Despite the critical role of pavements in this process, there has been little quantitative evaluation of the potential damage to pavements from truck traffic for debris removal. To address this knowledge gap, data on truck trip numbers and debris tonnage following the Camp and Carr Fires were used to calculate changes in equivalent single axle loads and traffic index over the pavement’s design life (the age at which reconstruction would be considered). Simulations were conducted on existing pavement structures to assess potential additional damage based on increased traffic indices. Pavement structural design simulations showed that out of the nine studied highways, one exhibited a reduction in cracking life of about two years from debris removal... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9w05v56t Thu, 2 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Nassiri, Somayeh, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5367-2167 Butt, Ali Azhar, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4270-8993 Zarei, Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0729-3905 Kim, Changmo, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9652-8675 Wu, Rongzong, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7364-7583 Lea, Jeremy David https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-8661 Erdahl, Jessica https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dt5b2q6 This project provides a literature review of research on zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) which includes fuel cell vehicles, battery electric vehicles, and plug-on hybrid electric vehicles, the latter are referred to as plug-in electric vehicles (PEV). In the review we focus on PEVs due to a lack of literature on fuel cell vehicles. We consider buyer and consumer perceptions of PEVs including perceived barriers to PEV adoption, consumer knowledge of PEVs, issues associated with incentives, and issues associated with infrastructure. The aim is to understand potential barriers to higher PEV sales and future research needs relating to PEV adoption. The PEV market shows many signs of becoming more robust. This includes PEV buyer demographics shifting toward the demographics of buyers of all types of new cars and improvements in PEV technology. Some challenges may remain, however. These include understanding the needs of households without home charging, engaging female car buyers in... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dt5b2q6 Thu, 2 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Hardman, Scott, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0476-7909 Chakraborty, Amrita, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8048-7282 Hoogland, Kelly https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5791-0767 Sugihara, Claire https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7238-2974 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jh4f34x The primary metric for measuring electric vehicle (EV) adoption growth is new car sales. However, to enable mass market penetration, EV adoption in the used car market will play a crucial role. The used vehicle market is relatively under-studied or has been studied mostly for specific regions. This project analyzed US national consumer expenditure survey data that tracks households' expenditure on vehicle acquisition and operation. The study aim is to understand new versus used vehicle choice behavior and the consequent cost of vehicle ownership, with the larger aim of determining how much households who generally buy used vehicles can gain or lose if they transition from a used internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) to a used EV. A choice model and cluster analysis showed that ownership of used vehicles is influenced by family size, income, housing tenure, and age. For lower-income renters, current vehicle ownership and purchase costs tend to constitute a high fraction of... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jh4f34x Wed, 1 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Chakraborty, Debapriya, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9898-4068 Konstantinou, Theodora, PhD Gutierrez Lopez, Julia Beatriz, MSc Tal, Gil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7843-3664 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9q08w58z A lack of reliable and affordable transportation exacerbates socioeconomic inequities for low-income individuals, especially people of color. Universal Basic Mobility (UBM) pilots or programs are a relatively new approach to addressing financial barriers to travel among the transport-disadvantaged. UBMs provide individuals with funds for various mobilityoptions, including transit and shared modes. This study reviews the UBM programs and pilots implemented in the United States. It also reviews international applications of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) platforms. These platforms may reduce the administrative cost of implementing UBMs and help users identify and compare available travel options. In addition, the review describes critical program design tradeoffs to consider when developing a UBM program or pilot. Finally, key UBM elements and lessons learned are summarized to assist other communities considering UBMs. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9q08w58z Fri, 22 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Rodier, Caroline, PhD Tovar, Angelly J. Fuller, Sam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9670-1092 D'Agostino, Mollie C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3689-9471 Harold, Brian S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6893-2267 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3v6047fh <p>Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the enabling technology for modern electric vehicles (EVs), allowing them to reach driving ranges and costs comparable to internal combustion engine vehicles, an important development with EVs being integral to greenhouse gas mitigation efforts. However, LIB advancements include the use of rapidly evolving and chemically diverse batteries as well as larger battery packs, raising concerns about battery production sustainability as well as battery end-of-life (EoL). This study seeks to respond to these concerns by analyzing potential pathways for EoL EV batteries, quantifies flows of retiring EV battery materials, proposes economically and environmentally preferable LIB EoL strategies, and recommends pertinent policies with an emphasis on environmental justice. The researchers used a loosely coupled dynamic systems model that utilized life cycle assessment and material flow analysis and a mixed methods research approach. They find that the U.S.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3v6047fh Thu, 14 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Kendall, Alissa Slattery, Margaret Dunn, Jessica https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zq3384v This white paper presents the synthesis of the literature on the use of cargo bikes for urban goods movement with a particular focus on four barrier and opportunity domains: physical and spatial; economic; political and legal; and social and cultural. It also includes research particularly relevant to California cities, although many of the studies reported were conducted outside California because we found a lack of evidence within California. The barriers to shifting from trucks and vans to cargo bikes for a variety of good movements remain tall in California. They include, among many, a need for a significant shift in the delivery landscape that requires collaboration across different organizations, and support from the local and state level that includes the development of urban consolidation hubs, investment in bike infrastructure, and strict restrictions on larger delivery vehicles. In addition, it may also require initial incentives to freight operators to offset the costs... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zq3384v Thu, 22 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Fitch-Polse, Dillon Mohiuddin, Hossain Jaller, Miguel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9w28d01h This project identifies factors that affect three truck-related parameters: idling, searching for parking, and parking demand. These parameters are examined in communities in Kern County California that have high air pollution levels and are located near transportation corridors, industrial facilities, and logistics centers. Daytime truck idling is concentrated in and around commercial and industrial hubs, and nighttime idling is concentrated around major roads and highway entrances and exits. Truck idling, searching for parking, and parking demand correlate with shorter distances from freight-related points-of-interest such as warehouses, increased size of nearby industrial or commercial land use, and proximity to areas of dense population or income inequality. Based onthese findings, policy recommendations include targeted anti-idling interventions, improved truck parking facilities,parking systems that provide real-time availability information to drivers, provision of alternate... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9w28d01h Mon, 12 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Jaller, Miguel, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-750X Xiao, Runhua (Ivan) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1dc3v8ms <p>Pooled trips in private vehicles, or pooling, can lead to smaller environmental impacts and more efficient use of the limited roadway capacity, especially during peak hours. However, pooling has not been well adopted in part because of difficulties in coordinating schedules among various travelers and the lack of flexibility to changes in schedules and locations. In the meantime, ridehailing (RH) provides pooled services at a discounted fare (compared to the single-travel-party option) via advanced information and communication technology. This study examines individuals’ preferences for/against pooled RH services using information collected among travelers answering a set of questions related to their last RH trip. In doing so, both trip attributes and rider characteristics are considered. Taste heterogeneity is modeled in a way that assumes the presence of unobserved groups (i.e., latent classes), each with unique preferences, in a given sample of RH riders (N=1,190) recruited... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1dc3v8ms Fri, 12 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Lee, Yongsung Circella, Giovanni Chen, Grace Kim, Ilsu Mokhtarian, Patricia L. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5xv65775 <p>Vehicle electrification has attracted strong policy support in California due to its air quality and climate benefits from adoption. However, it is unclear whether these benefits are equitable across the state’s sensitive populations and socioeconomic groups and whether disadvantaged communities are able to take advantage of the emission savings and associated health benefits of electric vehicle (EV) adoption. In this study, we analyze the statewide health impacts from the reduction of on-road emissions reduction (from reducing gasoline powered cars) and the increase in power plant emissions (from EV charging) across disadvantaged communities (DACs) detected by using the environmental justice screening tool CalEnviroScreen. The results indicate that EV adoption will reduce statewide primary PM2.5 emissions by 24.02-25.05 kilotonnes and CO2 emissions by 1,223-1,255 megatonnes through 2045, and the overall monetized emission-related health benefits from decreased mortality and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5xv65775 Wed, 3 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Jenn, Alan Li, Xinwei